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What does a frozen Punic town show?","rel":["AFR-001"]},{"id":"EUR-ACC","kind":"site","sub":"Europe","name":"Monte d'Accoddi","place":"Italy","lat":40.791,"lon":8.449,"date":"c.4000-3000 BC (INTERPRETATION)","tags":["Europe"],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Monte d'Accoddi in Sardinia is a stepped altar with a ramp 42 m long. Nothing like it is known nearby.","rel":["MES-008","EUR-010"]},{"id":"EUR-ALA","kind":"site","sub":"Europe","name":"Alatri acropolis (polygonal walls)","place":"Italy","lat":41.725,"lon":13.345,"date":"pre-Roman, c.6th-4th c BC (INTERPRETATION)","tags":["Europe"],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Alatri's walls rise up to 15 m in huge stones fitted without mortar. How were they cut so tightly?","rel":["CUZ-SAC","EUR-012"]},{"id":"EUR-VIN","kind":"site","sub":"Europe","name":"Vinča-Belo Brdo (Vinča culture type site)","place":"Serbia","lat":44.762,"lon":20.623,"date":"c.5700-4500 BCE (INTERPRETATION)","tags":["Europe"],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Vinča's mound on the Danube holds ten metres of Neolithic town, layer upon layer.","rel":["ASI-006","MES-007"]},{"id":"LEV-HER","kind":"site","sub":"Asia","name":"Mount Hermon (summit)","place":"Syria/Lebanon","lat":33.416,"lon":35.858,"date":"natural mountain","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":3,"hook":"On Hermon's summit in 1869, Charles Warren found a stone ordering those who take the oath: hence.","rel":["ASI-KAI"]},{"id":"ASI-DWA","kind":"site","sub":"Asia","name":"Dwarka (offshore structures claim; Dwarkadhish Temple)","place":"India","lat":22.246,"lon":68.967,"date":"temple 200 BCE per Ministry of Tourism; settlement fifteenth century BC per Rao (INTERPRETATION)","tags":["Asia","Temples"],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Off Dwarka, divers raised stone anchors of 100 to 150 kg, but that anchor type was used from 2500 BC to modern times.","rel":["ASI-RAM","LEV-ATL"]},{"id":"ASI-KAI","kind":"site","sub":"Asia","name":"Mount Kailash (\"pyramid\" claim)","place":"China (Tibet)","lat":31.067,"lon":81.312,"date":"natural mountain","tags":["Asia","Pyramids"],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Geologists say Kailash's four walls face the points of the compass, giving it the shape of a Buddhist stupa.","rel":["LEV-HER","EUR-002"]},{"id":"SAM-PIN","kind":"site","sub":"Americas","name":"Pinkuylluna (Ollantaytambo storehouses)","place":"Peru","lat":-13.256,"lon":-72.261,"date":"Inca (INTERPRETATION)","tags":["Americas"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Guides call the buildings on Pinkuylluna prisons and schools. Archaeologists found Inca storehouses.","rel":["OLL-OLL","SAM-010"]},{"id":"SAM-ING","kind":"site","sub":"Americas","name":"Ingá Stone (Pedra do Ingá / Itacoatiara do Ingá)","place":"Brazil","lat":-7.325,"lon":-35.586,"date":"undated petroglyphs; no direct date for the engravings (IPHAN nomination)","tags":["Americas"],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Brazil protected the Ingá Stone in 1944, the first rock art site in the country to be listed.","rel":["EUR-VIN"]},{"id":"W11A01","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Antikythera mechanism","place":"Athens","lat":37.989,"lon":23.732,"tags":[],"nfacts":21,"nsrc":9,"hook":"Sponge divers raised corroded bronze off Antikythera in 1901. Inside were 30 gears.","rel":["W11A06","NX-A45"]},{"id":"W11A02","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Baghdad battery","place":"Baghdad","lat":33.329,"lon":44.383,"tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":9,"nsrc":4,"hook":"A 15 cm clay jar from near Baghdad may be a battery, or just a jar.","rel":["W11A06","W11A23"]},{"id":"W11A03","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Saqqara bird","place":"Cairo","lat":30.048,"lon":31.234,"tags":[],"nfacts":11,"nsrc":10,"hook":"A wooden bird from Saqqara looks like a glider. A 2023 simulation says it cannot fly straight.","rel":["W11A21","W11A04"]},{"id":"W11A04","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Abydos helicopter glyphs","place":"Abydos","lat":26.185,"lon":31.919,"date":"19th Dyn. (Seti I / Ramesses II)","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Seti I's temple shows a helicopter, but Egyptologists read it as Ramesses II's titles carved over his father's.","rel":["W11A03","W11A23","W11A21"]},{"id":"W11A05","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Coso artifact","place":"Private (family of a co-discoverer); display negotiated at Pacific Science Center per…","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":4,"hook":"A spark plug found in a stone in 1961 was said to be 500,000 years old.","rel":["W11A07","W11A14"]},{"id":"W11A06","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Nimrud lens","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":3,"hook":"A crystal lens found at Nimrud in 1850 may be nearly three thousand years old.","rel":["W11A01"]},{"id":"W11A07","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"London hammer","place":"Glen Rose","lat":32.234,"lon":-97.755,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":4,"hook":"An iron hammer in a lump of stone, its handle still wood, shown as proof of a world before the Flood","rel":["W11A05"]},{"id":"W11A08","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Klerksdorp spheres","place":"Ottosdal area, North West Province, South Africa","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":[],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Grooved stones from some of Earth’s oldest rock look turned on a lathe. Sawn in half, they look like nature’s work.","rel":["W11A05"]},{"id":"W11A10","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Fuente Magna","place":"Hacienda Chúa, near Lake Titicaca, Bolivia (claimed find site; about 75 miles north of La Paz)","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"No one has published a material test or a date for the bowl itself.","rel":["W11A11","TIW-PUM"]},{"id":"W11A11","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Pokotia monolith","place":"Pokotia sector, about 4 km south of Tiwanaku, Bolivia (no recorded find spot)","tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A stone figure from near Tiwanaku has lines on its back. Some say it is Sumerian writing.","rel":["W11A10","TIW-PUM"],"date":"Pucara style, about 500 BC to 300 AD (Cuynet); Tiwanaku about 1000 CE per Colavito"},{"id":"W11A12","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Starchild skull","place":"a cave in Mexico (claimed; provenance unverified)","tags":["Disputed","Astronomy"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The lab hired by the alien hybrid camp found the child’s mother was Native American.","rel":["W11A20"],"date":"radiocarbon 900 ± 40 years (owners’ report)"},{"id":"W11A13","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Tutankhamun iron dagger","place":"Cairo","lat":30.048,"lon":31.234,"tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Carter found two daggers in Tutankhamun's wrappings: gold at the belly, iron on the right thigh.","rel":["W15A04"],"date":"found 1925; made 14th century BCE"},{"id":"W11A14","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Wolfsegg Iron (= Salzburg cube)","place":"Vöcklabruck","lat":48.009,"lon":13.656,"date":"found 1885","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Books said the Wolfsegg iron vanished from a Salzburg museum. It has sat in a museum in Vöcklabruck since 1958.","rel":["W16A07"]},{"id":"W11A16","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Piri Reis map","place":"Istanbul","lat":41.011,"lon":28.983,"tags":[],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":7,"hook":"Piri Reis wrote on his map that he drew on older charts, including one by Columbus.","rel":["W16A04"],"date":"drawn 1513"},{"id":"W11A17","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Voynich manuscript","place":"New Haven","lat":41.311,"lon":-72.927,"tags":[],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":6,"hook":"The Voynich manuscript turned up near Rome in 1912. Nobody has read a sentence since.","rel":["W17A02","W11A26"],"date":"parchment 1404 to 1438 (radiocarbon, 95.4%)"},{"id":"W11A19","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Kensington Runestone","place":"Alexandria MN","lat":45.885,"lon":-95.377,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Olof Ohman pulled a 200-pound slab from the roots of a tree on his Minnesota farm in 1898.","rel":["W11A31"]},{"id":"W11A20","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Paracas elongated skulls","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Julio Tello found 48 bodies in one Paracas cavern. Every head was shaped, some still in the binding device.","rel":["W11A12","W15A06"]},{"id":"W11A21","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Quimbaya artifacts (Tolima/Quimbaya fliers) (= AA Peruvian/Colombian gold jets)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"date":"c. AD 500-1000","tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The British Museum's gold 'plane' is 4 cm high. Its 1949 register calls it a gold fish, with detailed fins.","rel":["W11A03"]},{"id":"W11A22","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Mohenjo-daro (skeletons/nuclear claim)","place":"Sindh","lat":27.329,"lon":68.139,"tags":[],"nfacts":7,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Nine seasons of digging found 37 skeletons. Writers turned them into victims of an ancient nuclear blast.","rel":["ASI-012"]},{"id":"W11A23","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Dendera light reliefs","place":"Dendera","lat":26.142,"lon":32.67,"tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The caption beside Dendera's 'light bulb' gives its size: three palms high, of gold and all precious stones.","rel":["EGY-004","W11A02","W11A04"]},{"id":"W11A24","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Dendera zodiac","place":"Paris","lat":48.861,"lon":2.336,"tags":["Astronomy"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A carved sky from an Egyptian temple, now dated to 50 BC, was once claimed to be far older.","rel":["W11A25"]},{"id":"W11A25","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Nebra sky disc","place":"Halle","lat":51.483,"lon":11.966,"tags":["Sky beings"],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The Nebra sky disc was dug up by looters in 1999 and seized in a Basel hotel sting in 2002.","rel":["EUR-007","ART023"]},{"id":"W11A26","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Phaistos Disc","place":"Heraklion","lat":35.339,"lon":25.137,"tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Someone pressed 241 signs into wet clay with stamps, long before printing. No one can read them.","rel":["W11A17","W17A02"]},{"id":"W11A27","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Lycurgus Cup","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"tags":[],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":5,"hook":"In daylight the Lycurgus Cup is pea-green. Lit from inside, it turns deep wine red.","rel":["W11A28"]},{"id":"W11A28","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Iron pillar of Delhi","place":"Delhi","lat":28.524,"lon":77.185,"tags":[],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Two invaders are said to have fired cannon at Delhi's iron pillar. The ball failed to break it.","rel":["W11A13"]},{"id":"W11A29","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Acambaro figures","place":"Acámbaro","lat":20.031,"lon":-100.722,"date":"20th c.","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":2,"hook":"About 33,000 clay figures, some like dinosaurs. One archaeologist saw no dirt in their cracks.","rel":[]},{"id":"W11A30","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Crystal skulls","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"The British Museum bought its crystal skull in 1897. Tests point to 19th-century Europe.","rel":["MAM-LUB"]},{"id":"W11A31","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Bat Creek Stone","place":"Smithsonian NMNH (1894-1970), later Eastern Band of Cherokee (not verified)","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The Bat Creek Stone's bracelets are leaded brass: modern trade goods to critics, ancient to its defender","rel":["W11A32"]},{"id":"W11A32","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Los Lunas Decalogue Stone","place":"Los Lunas NM","lat":34.81,"lon":-106.99,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":3,"hook":"In 2006 someone vandalised the first line of the Los Lunas stone, after decades of dispute over its age.","rel":["NAM-LUN","W11A31"]},{"id":"W11A33","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Michigan relics","place":"Lansing","lat":42.733,"lon":-84.556,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Some 'ancient' Michigan tablets dissolved in water. One bore the marks of a modern sawmill.","rel":["W11A31"]},{"id":"W11A34","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Burrows Cave","place":"cave never located","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In April 1982 Russell Burrows said he found a cave of carved stones in Illinois.","rel":["W11A33"]},{"id":"W11A35","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Tecaxic-Calixtlahuaca head","place":"not in opened source","tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Roman-looking head from a pre-Hispanic grave in Mexico. Its testers say the date proves nothing.","rel":["W11A19"]},{"id":"W11A36","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Pakal sarcophagus lid (Palenque)","place":"Palenque","lat":17.484,"lon":-92.046,"tags":[],"nfacts":10,"nsrc":12,"hook":"Nobody had entered Pakal's crypt since 28 August 683 until Alberto Ruz Lhuillier stepped in.","rel":["MAM-011"]},{"id":"W11A37","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Lolladoff plate","place":"none (no museum identified)","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"The Lolladoff plate was painted by a friend from the author's own sketch.","rel":[]},{"id":"W11A38","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Nazca mummies (Maria, Wawita, Josefina etc.)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":5,"hook":"Peru's forensic team found the 'alien' mummies were built from bird bones and synthetic glue.","rel":["W11A39","W11A12"]},{"id":"W11A39","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Mexico Congress specimens (Clara & Mauricio)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Under oath before Mexico's Congress, Jaime Maussan unveiled two small bodies he called non-human.","rel":["W11A38","GOV-AARO"]},{"id":"W11A40","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Betz mystery sphere","place":"unknown (family)","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Florida family's bowling-ball sized sphere seemed to move on its own in 1974.","rel":["W11A08"]},{"id":"W11A41","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Ishango bone","place":"Brussels","lat":50.842,"lon":4.384,"tags":[],"nfacts":9,"nsrc":5,"hook":"A baboon bone from the shore of Lake Edward carries 168 notches, with a sliver of quartz fixed to one end.","rel":["NX-A45"]},{"id":"W11A42","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Maya Codex of Mexico (Grolier)","place":"Mexico City","lat":19.426,"lon":-99.186,"tags":[],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Gnaw marks and a mite's shell helped date the oldest book of the Americas.","rel":["MAM-011"]},{"id":"W11A43","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Sabu disk (tri-lobed schist disc)","place":"Cairo","lat":30.048,"lon":31.234,"tags":[],"nfacts":10,"nsrc":5,"hook":"A stone bowl 61 cm across, with three lobes 120 degrees apart, has no agreed use.","rel":["W21LA02","W11A01"]},{"id":"W11A44","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Ubaid lizard figurines","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Clay women 14.3 cm tall from graves at Ur have faces a museum calls \"lizard-headed\".","rel":["W15A02"]},{"id":"ART008","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Nazca geoglyphs","place":"in situ (UNESCO)","date":"500 BC - AD 500","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"An AI survey found 303 new Nazca figures in six months, nearly doubling the count.","rel":["SAM-011"]},{"id":"ART016","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Nampa figurine","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"date":"claimed Pliocene/Pleistocene; context doubtful","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A clay figure was said to come from 320 feet down an Idaho well in 1889.","rel":["W11A07"]},{"id":"ART017","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Tunguska event","place":"—","date":"30 June 1908","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"On 30 June 1908 a blast over Siberia flattened 830 square miles of forest and left no crater.","rel":["W15A04"]},{"id":"ART022","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Mold gold cape","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"date":"c. 1900-1600 BC","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Workmen found a gold cape crushed around a skeleton in a Welsh mound in 1833.","rel":["ART023"]},{"id":"ART023","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Berlin Gold Hat","place":"Museum für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, SMB — IIc 6068","date":"c. 1000-800 BC","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"A gold hat 74 cm tall, bought in 1996, may encode a 19-year calendar.","rel":["W11A25","ART022"]},{"id":"W15A02","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Cylinder seal VA 243","place":"Berlin","lat":52.521,"lon":13.396,"tags":[],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":5,"hook":"Sitchin saw twelve planets on a tiny seal. Its inscription names two people.","rel":["W11A44"]},{"id":"W15A04","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Tutankhamun pectoral scarab (Libyan Desert Glass)","place":"Cairo","lat":30.048,"lon":31.234,"tags":[],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":5,"hook":"Tutankhamun's scarab is glass made 29 million years ago by heat above 1,600°C.","rel":["W11A13","ART017"]},{"id":"W15A05","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Panchavarnaswamy temple bicycle carving","place":"Tiruchirappalli","lat":10.825,"lon":78.69,"tags":["Hoax or modern","Temples"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"A cyclist on an old Indian temple pillar went viral in 2018 as 2,000 years old.","rel":["W11A04"]},{"id":"W15A06","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Olmec figurines (La Venta Offering 4; helmeted heads)","place":"La Venta","lat":18.103,"lon":-94.04,"tags":[],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":3,"hook":"After the burial, someone dug a hole down to the heads of La Venta's 16 buried figures, then refilled it.","rel":["MAM-007","W11A20"]},{"id":"W15A07","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Tlatilco masks and figurines","place":"Valley of Mexico museums","tags":[],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":5,"hook":"Clay faces from Tlatilco have two noses, two mouths and three eyes.","rel":["W15A06"]},{"id":"W15A08","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Dixon relics (Great Pyramid Queen's Chamber shafts)","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"tags":["Pyramids"],"nfacts":9,"nsrc":9,"hook":"Cedar from a Great Pyramid shaft dates some 500 years before Khufu.","rel":["GIZ-G1"]},{"id":"W16A01","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Eltanin antenna (seafloor photograph object)","place":"in situ, seafloor 59 07 S 105 03 W (photograph only)","tags":[],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1964 a camera nearly 4 km down caught an antenna on the seabed. It was a sponge.","rel":["CUB-MEG"]},{"id":"W16A02","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Lake Winnipesaukee mystery stone","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A carved stone egg dug up in New Hampshire in 1872 matches no known culture.","rel":["W11A31"]},{"id":"W16A03","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Crespi collection (Cuenca metal library)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A priest in Ecuador gathered more than 50,000 objects. A few metal plates became a legend.","rel":["SAM-TAY"]},{"id":"W16A04","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Oronce Fine world map 1531 (Nova et integra universi orbis descriptio)","place":"various libraries (printed map)","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":5,"hook":"In 1531 Oronce Fine drew a southern continent that one historian called ice-free Antarctica.","rel":["W11A16"]},{"id":"W16A05","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Zeno map (1558)","place":"printed in Venice 1558","tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A 1558 Venetian map put invented islands on the charts until the early nineteenth century.","rel":["W11A16"]},{"id":"W16A06","kind":"artifact","sub":"Hoax or modern","name":"Aiud object (aluminium wedge)","place":"Cluj-Napoca","lat":46.77,"lon":23.59,"tags":["Hoax or modern"],"nfacts":11,"nsrc":8,"hook":"Workers at Aiud found aluminium 10 metres down in the 1970s. Ancient, or a digger's tooth?","rel":["W11A14"]},{"id":"W16A07","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Kingoodie nail (iron nail in sandstone)","place":"not traced","tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":3,"hook":"In 1844 a leading scientist reported a rusted nail inside Scottish sandstone.","rel":["W11A14"]},{"id":"W16A08","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Shakoki-dogu (goggle-eyed figurine, Kamegaoka)","place":"Tokyo","lat":35.719,"lon":139.776,"tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":5,"hook":"Its eyes look like snow goggles, and some see a helmet. Underneath, the clay was once painted red.","rel":["W15A07"]},{"id":"W16A09","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Genetic Disc (black stone disc, Colombia)","place":"Bogotá","lat":4.602,"lon":-74.072,"tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A stone disc that seems to show sperm becoming a baby. The only lab test found feldspar, quartz and mica.","rel":["W11A12"]},{"id":"W17A01","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Rongorongo text C (Mamari tablet)","place":"Archives of the Padri dei Sacri Cuori (SSCC), Casa Generalizia, Via Rivarone 85, Rome","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Mamari's wood came from a tree about 15 m tall, on an island the Dutch found 'destitute of large trees'.","rel":["W17A02","RAP-MOA"]},{"id":"W17A02","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Rongorongo text I (Santiago Staff)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The Santiago Staff carries about 2,320 rongorongo glyphs, and no one can read a line of them.","rel":["W17A01"]},{"id":"W17A03","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Codex Gigas (Devil's Bible)","place":"National Library of Sweden, Stockholm","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"The Codex Gigas has 309 parchment leaves and a full-page Devil. By 1635 people said the Devil helped write it.","rel":["W11A17"]},{"id":"W17A04","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Tassili Great Martian God (Jabbaren round-head painting)","place":"in situ, Jabbaren shelter ceiling, Tassili n'Ajjer (Algeria) [site AFR-TAS]","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":7,"hook":"Painted 6 m tall across a rock ceiling, its round blank head was called a Martian god. Here is what it is.","rel":["AFR-TAS"]},{"id":"W17A05","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Dorchester Pot","place":"lost / not traced","tags":["Disputed"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1852 a blast in Dorchester threw out a silver-inlaid metal vessel, said to come from solid rock.","rel":["W16A07"]},{"id":"W18A01","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Meister Print (Antelope Spring shoe print)","place":"not stated","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1968 a Utah rockhound split slate and saw a sandal print with trilobites in 500-million-year-old rock.","rel":["W11A07"]},{"id":"W21LA01","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Petrie core No.7 (7 G)","place":"London","lat":51.523,"lon":-0.133,"tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Petrie said a drill cut 1 inch into granite per 60 turns. Christopher Dunn says that is 500 times too fast.","rel":["W21LA02","GIZ-G1"]},{"id":"W21LA02","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Petrie diorite bowl shard (Petrie 15 D per caption; 14 D in text)","place":"London","lat":51.523,"lon":-0.133,"tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Petrie said this diorite was turned on a lathe. Dunn agrees, and says the lathe had power.","rel":["W21LA01","W21LA03"]},{"id":"W21LA03","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Petrie diorite potsherd with cusp and lip (15 D)","place":"London","lat":51.523,"lon":-0.133,"tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Lines 1/150 inch wide in diorite. Christopher Dunn sees machine work; Petrie saw a skilled hand.","rel":["W21LA02"]},{"id":"W21LA04","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Amun & Mut seated pair statue","place":"Luxor Museum","tags":[],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A granite pair of the gods Amun and Mut, found at Karnak. Christopher Dunn says its curves need a machine.","rel":["W21LA05"]},{"id":"W21LA05","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Djedefra quartzite heads (2 Louvre, 1 Cairo)","place":"Paris","lat":48.861,"lon":2.336,"tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A red quartzite head of King Djedefre, 26.5 cm tall. Christopher Dunn calls such faces too even for hands.","rel":["EGY-ABR"]},{"id":"W21LA06","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Ramses II colossus, Memphis (Mit Rahina)","place":"open-air museum, Memphis","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A limestone Ramesses II about 10 m long lies on its back, its feet broken off, in the old capital Memphis.","rel":["EGY-RAM"]},{"id":"W21LA07","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Karnak Ramses head with tool marks","place":"Karnak","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Ramesses statues in red granite. Christopher Dunn reads their surfaces as machine work, then hand finishing.","rel":["W21LA01"]},{"id":"W21LA08","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Giza contoured couch granite block","place":"Giza Plateau near Valley Temple (unlocated)","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A granite block at Giza curves in 3 directions at once. Christopher Dunn measured it, and sees machining.","rel":["KHA-VT"]},{"id":"W21LA09","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Serapeum box with lid sawn off (Cairo Museum)","place":"Cairo","lat":30.048,"lon":31.234,"tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A granite box in Cairo is said to come from the Serapeum, where 21 boxes weigh about 65 tons each.","rel":["SAQ-SER"]},{"id":"TX001","kind":"text","sub":"Sumerian","name":"Sumerian King List","place":"Oxford","lat":51.755,"lon":-1.26,"date":"c.2100 BCE (Ur III/Isin)","oldest":"c.1800 BCE (Old Babylonian)","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":9,"hook":"Before the flood, 8 Sumerian kings rule for 241,200 years. Alulim alone reigns 28,800.","rel":["MES-003","TX042"]},{"id":"TX002","kind":"text","sub":"Sumerian","name":"Enki and Ninmah","place":"Paris","lat":48.861,"lon":2.336,"date":"c. Old Babylonian copies (early 2nd mill. BCE)","oldest":"c.1800 BCE","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"In a Sumerian myth, a goddess makes six imperfect humans from clay. Zecharia Sitchin read failed experiments.","rel":["TX004","TX007"]},{"id":"TX003","kind":"text","sub":"Sumerian","name":"Eridu Genesis (The Flood story, ETCSL 1.7.4)","place":"Philadelphia","lat":39.949,"lon":-75.191,"date":"c.1600 BCE copy (composition earlier)","oldest":"c.1600 BCE","tags":["Near East","Flood myths","Creation myths"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":7,"hook":"A Sumerian flood: Ziusudra's huge boat is tossed for seven days and seven nights before the sun god returns.","rel":["TX004","TX006","TX056"]},{"id":"TX004","kind":"text","sub":"Akkadian","name":"Atrahasis","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"date":"c.18th-17th c. BCE (copy dated reign of Ammi-saduqa, scribe Ku-Aya)","oldest":"c.1640 BCE","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":5,"hook":"A tablet dated 1635 BC has the gods flood the world because people were too noisy.","rel":["TX003","TX002"]},{"id":"TX005","kind":"text","sub":"Babylonian","name":"Enuma Elish","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"date":"c.12th c. BCE (Nebuchadnezzar I) or earlier","oldest":"7th c. BCE (Nineveh)","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":9,"hook":"Babylon's creation poem has Marduk split the sea-monster Tiamat \"like a flat fish\" to make the sky","rel":["TX007","W15A02"]},{"id":"TX006","kind":"text","sub":"Babylonian","name":"Epic of Gilgamesh (Standard Babylonian, Tablet XI flood)","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"date":"OB version c.1800 BCE; SB edition attrib. Sin-leqi-unninni c.1200 BCE","oldest":"7th c. BCE (SB); OB fragments c.1800 BCE","tags":["Near East","Flood myths"],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":9,"hook":"In 1872 George Smith read a 15 cm tablet and found a flood story like Noah's.","rel":["TX003","MES-004"]},{"id":"TX007","kind":"text","sub":"Mesopotamian","name":"Anunnaki (term across texts)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"3rd-1st mill. BCE","oldest":"c.2400 BCE onward","tags":["Near East","Near East","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"No image of the Anunnaki as a group has ever been found","rel":["TX002","TX005"]},{"id":"TX008","kind":"text","sub":"Babylonian/Greek","name":"Berossus, Babyloniaca (Oannes & Apkallu)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"c.290-278 BCE","oldest":"fragments via Alexander Polyhistor, Eusebius, Syncellus (no original ms.)","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Babylon's priest Berossus wrote that civilisation was taught by a fish-man who came out of the sea","rel":["TX042","TX057"]},{"id":"TX009","kind":"text","sub":"Hebrew","name":"Genesis 1-11 (incl. 6:1-4 Nephilim)","place":"St Petersburg","lat":59.934,"lon":30.335,"date":"Final redaction c.6th-5th c. BCE (Persian period); sources debated","oldest":"Dead Sea Scrolls 4QGen fragments c.150 BCE-68 CE; Aleppo Codex c.930 CE; Leningrad Codex 1008 CE","tags":["Near East","Creation myths","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Genesis 6:4 says there were giants on earth when the sons of God took human wives.","rel":["TX013","TX010"]},{"id":"TX010","kind":"text","sub":"Hebrew","name":"Numbers 13:33","place":"St Petersburg","lat":59.934,"lon":30.335,"date":"as Pentateuch (c.6th-5th c. BCE)","oldest":"DSS fragments; Leningrad Codex","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Spies in Numbers 13:33 said they felt like grasshoppers beside the sons of Anak.","rel":["TX009","TX011"]},{"id":"TX011","kind":"text","sub":"Hebrew","name":"Deuteronomy giants passages (2:10-11, 2:20-21, 3:11)","place":"St Petersburg","lat":59.934,"lon":30.335,"date":"c.7th-6th c. BCE","oldest":"4QDeut fragments; Leningrad Codex","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Deuteronomy says giant king Og slept on an iron bed nine cubits long.","rel":["TX044","TX010"]},{"id":"TX012","kind":"text","sub":"Hebrew","name":"Ezekiel 1 and 10 (chariot vision)","place":"St Petersburg","lat":59.934,"lon":30.335,"date":"c.593-571 BCE (Babylonian exile)","oldest":"DSS 4QEzek fragments; Leningrad Codex","tags":["Near East","Sky beings"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":5,"hook":"Ezekiel saw a wheel in the middle of a wheel, with rims full of eyes.","rel":["TX013","UFO-ARN"]},{"id":"TX013","kind":"text","sub":"Jewish (Second Temple)","name":"1 Enoch, Book of the Watchers (ch.1-36)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"date":"c.3rd c. BCE","oldest":"Aramaic 4QEn(a-g) c.200-150 BCE (Qumran); full text only in Ge'ez mss. 15th c.+","tags":["Near East","Sky beings"],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":8,"hook":"1 Enoch says two hundred angels came down on Mount Hermon in the days of Jared.","rel":["LEV-HER","TX009","TX014"]},{"id":"TX014","kind":"text","sub":"Jewish (Second Temple)","name":"Book of Jubilees","place":"Held in several collections","date":"c.160-150 BCE","oldest":"Hebrew fragments at Qumran (~15 mss.); full Ge'ez","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"In Jubilees the Watchers came down to teach humanity. Then they took wives and fathered giants.","rel":["TX013","TX015"]},{"id":"TX015","kind":"text","sub":"Jewish (Second Temple)","name":"Book of Giants (Qumran)","place":"Jerusalem","lat":31.773,"lon":35.204,"date":"c.2nd c. BCE","oldest":"4Q203, 4Q530-533, 1Q23, 6Q8 (c.100 BCE-50 CE); later Manichaean versions","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Before the flood, giants dreamed of a tablet washed blank but for three names.","rel":["TX013"]},{"id":"TX016","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Pyramid Texts","place":"Saqqara","lat":29.871,"lon":31.216,"date":"c.2350-2175 BCE (Unas, 5th Dyn., to 6th Dyn.)","oldest":"Inscribed in situ in pyramid of Unas, Saqqara (c.2345 BCE)","tags":["Egypt","Egypt","Pyramids"],"nfacts":48,"nsrc":6,"hook":"Egypt's oldest religious texts were carved in a pyramid's sealed rooms for one dead king.","rel":["EGY-014","GIZ-G1"]},{"id":"TX017","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Coffin Texts","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"date":"c.2100-1700 BCE (FIP-MK)","oldest":"Middle Kingdom coffins (e.g. el-Bersheh)","tags":["Egypt","Egypt"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Coffin-makers filled the planks so fast that one chapter turns up five times in a single coffin.","rel":["TX016"]},{"id":"TX018","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Book of the Heavenly Cow","place":"Cairo","lat":30.048,"lon":31.234,"date":"New Kingdom (earliest in Tutankhamun's shrine, c.1325 BCE)","oldest":"c.1325 BCE","tags":["Egypt","Egypt","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"To save humanity, Ra had 7,000 vessels of blood-red beer poured over the fields to make a goddess drunk.","rel":["TX021","TX022"]},{"id":"TX019","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Shabaka Stone (Memphite Theology)","place":"London","lat":51.519,"lon":-0.127,"date":"Inscribed c.710 BCE (25th Dyn.), claims to copy worm-eaten older text; composition…","oldest":"c.710 BCE","tags":["Egypt","Egypt"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A 585 kg stone says Ptah made the world by speech, then became a millstone.","rel":["TX023"]},{"id":"TX020","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Palermo Stone (Royal Annals)","place":"London","lat":51.523,"lon":-0.133,"date":"c.2400 BCE (5th Dyn.)","oldest":"c.2400 BCE (possibly later copy)","tags":["Egypt","Egypt"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A slab seven feet long once listed Egypt's kings year by year. A piece 25 cm wide survives in Palermo.","rel":["TX021","TX022"]},{"id":"TX021","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Turin King List (Royal Canon of Turin)","place":"Turin","lat":45.068,"lon":7.684,"date":"Ramesses II era c.1250 BCE","oldest":"c.1250 BCE","tags":["Egypt","Egypt"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"An Egyptian scribe added up the first seven dynasties: 955 years, 0 months and 15 days.","rel":["TX022","TX001"]},{"id":"TX022","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian/Greek","name":"Manetho, Aegyptiaca","place":"Held in several collections","date":"c.3rd c. BCE (Ptolemy I/II)","oldest":"fragments via Josephus, Africanus, Eusebius, Syncellus","tags":["Egypt","Egypt"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Egypt's 30 dynasties come from a priest whose book is lost. We know it only from later quotations.","rel":["TX021","TX001"]},{"id":"TX023","kind":"text","sub":"Vedic","name":"Rigveda 10.129 (Nasadiya Sukta)","place":"Pune","lat":18.53,"lon":73.833,"date":"c.1500-1000 BCE (Book 10 latest)","oldest":"oral; oldest ms. c.1040 CE (Pune BORI collection, UNESCO Memory of the World 2007)","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Rigveda hymn asks where the world came from, then admits even its overseer in heaven 'perhaps knows not'.","rel":["TX024"]},{"id":"TX024","kind":"text","sub":"Vedic","name":"Rigveda 10.90 (Purusha Sukta)","place":"Pune","lat":18.53,"lon":73.833,"date":"c.1000 BCE","oldest":"oral; mss. 11th c. CE+","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"One hymn of 16 verses builds the whole world from the body of a sacrificed cosmic man.","rel":["TX023"]},{"id":"TX025","kind":"text","sub":"Indian","name":"Mahabharata (vimana and divine weapon passages, e.g. Vana Parva 'Saubha' flying city; Brahmastra)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"date":"c.400 BCE-400 CE","oldest":"mss. mostly 2nd mill. CE; BORI Critical Edition 1919-66","tags":["Asia","Sky beings"],"nfacts":3,"nsrc":4,"hook":"The Mahabharata counts 100,000 verses and a weapon that could burn the universe.","rel":["TX026","W11A22"]},{"id":"TX026","kind":"text","sub":"Indian","name":"Ramayana (Pushpaka Vimana)","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"date":"c.5th c. BCE-3rd c. CE","oldest":"mss. 2nd mill. CE; Baroda Critical Edition 1960-75","tags":["Asia","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4,"hook":"The Ramayana's flying car Pushpak flies wherever its master wills.","rel":["TX025","TX027"]},{"id":"TX027","kind":"text","sub":"Indian (modern)","name":"Vaimanika Shastra","place":"Mysuru","lat":12.296,"lon":76.639,"date":"Dictated 1918-1923 by Pandit Subbaraya Shastry (claimed channelled); published 1952/1973","oldest":"1918-23","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":5,"hook":"A text on ancient aircraft cannot be dated earlier than 1904, scientists found in 1974.","rel":["TX026"]},{"id":"TX028","kind":"text","sub":"K'iche' Maya","name":"Popol Vuh","place":"Ica","lat":-14.065,"lon":-75.729,"date":"Written in Latin script c.1554-58 from older (incl. hieroglyphic) traditions","oldest":"Ximénez transcription c.1701-03","tags":["Mesoamerica"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":7,"hook":"Maya gods made people of mud and then of wood before they got it right with maize.","rel":["TX002","TX034"]},{"id":"TX029","kind":"text","sub":"Andean (Inca)","name":"Viracocha accounts: Betanzos (1551), Cieza de León (1553), Sarmiento de Gamboa (1572)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"Colonial Spanish chronicles","oldest":"mid-16th c.","tags":["Andes"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Sarmiento recorded Viracocha as 'white and dressed in a white robe like an alb', with a staff and a book.","rel":["TIW-PUM","TX030"]},{"id":"TX030","kind":"text","sub":"Aztec/Toltec","name":"Quetzalcoatl sources (Florentine Codex; Codex Chimalpopoca/Legend of the Suns)","place":"Florence","lat":43.775,"lon":11.255,"date":"Florentine Codex 1545-77 (Sahagún); Legend of the Suns 1558","oldest":"1558-1577","tags":["Mesoamerica","Astronomy"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1552 a writer who never saw Mexico said its people took the Spaniards for gods.","rel":["TX029","TX008"]},{"id":"TX031","kind":"text","sub":"Hopi","name":"Hopi emergence & 'Ant People'/Kachina traditions","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral; recorded 19th-20th c.","oldest":"Frank Waters, Book of the Hopi 1963","tags":["North America"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1905 Hopi tellers said ants are thin from a ritual flogging. The saviour Ant People came later.","rel":["W16T06"]},{"id":"TX032","kind":"text","sub":"Dogon (Mali)","name":"Dogon Sirius tradition","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral; recorded 1931-56","oldest":"Griaule & Dieterlen 1950 'Un système soudanais de Sirius'; Le Renard pâle 1965","tags":["Africa","Astronomy"],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":9,"hook":"Dogon lore recorded in the 1930s gave Sirius an invisible companion with a 50-year orbit.","rel":["TX057"]},{"id":"TX033","kind":"text","sub":"Greek","name":"Hesiod, Theogony (and Works and Days)","place":"Florence","lat":43.775,"lon":11.255,"date":"c.700 BCE","oldest":"oldest papyrus fragments 1st c. CE+; medieval codices","tags":["Europe"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"In Hesiod's Theogony a son takes power with a jagged sickle. A Hittite myth tells the same story.","rel":["TX041"]},{"id":"TX034","kind":"text","sub":"Greek/Roman","name":"Prometheus shapes man from clay (Apollodorus Bibl. 1.7.1; Ovid Met. 1.76-88; Pausanias 10.4.4)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"Apollodorus 1st-2nd c. CE; Ovid 8 CE","oldest":"medieval mss.","tags":["Europe"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"At Panopeus, Pausanias saw two cart-sized stones said to smell of human skin: the clay left over from mankind.","rel":["TX002","TX036","TX048"]},{"id":"TX035","kind":"text","sub":"Norse","name":"Poetic Edda (Völuspá) & Prose Edda (Gylfaginning)","place":"Reykjavík","lat":64.142,"lon":-21.95,"date":"oral earlier; Codex Regius c.1270; Snorri c.1220","oldest":"c.1270","tags":["Europe"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Walking the shore, three gods found two trees and shaped the first man and woman from them.","rel":["TX028"]},{"id":"TX036","kind":"text","sub":"Chinese","name":"Nüwa makes humans from yellow earth (Fengsu Tongyi)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"Ying Shao, c.195 CE","oldest":"medieval quotations (Taiping Yulan 983 CE)","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Nüwa shaped nobles from yellow earth by hand, then dragged a cord through mud to make everyone else.","rel":["TX034","TX051"]},{"id":"TX037","kind":"text","sub":"Japanese","name":"Kojiki","place":"Nagoya","lat":35.159,"lon":136.9,"date":"712 CE (O no Yasumaro)","oldest":"Shinpukuji ms. 1371-72","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Japan's oldest book, finished in 712 CE, traces the emperors back to the sun goddess.","rel":["TX053"]},{"id":"TX038","kind":"text","sub":"Gnostic","name":"Nag Hammadi Codices: Hypostasis of the Archons (NHC II,4), Apocryphon of John (NHC II,1; III,1; IV,1; BG 8502)","place":"Cairo","lat":30.006,"lon":31.23,"date":"2nd-3rd c. CE composition","oldest":"Codices buried c.350-400 CE, found 1945","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Nag Hammadi's chief ruler boasts he alone is God. A voice answers: you are blind.","rel":["TX046"]},{"id":"TX039","kind":"text","sub":"Australian Aboriginal","name":"Wandjina (Kimberley, Worrorra/Ngarinyin/Wunambal)","place":"Kimberley, WA","lat":-16.0,"lon":125.5,"date":"oral; rock art undated, likely last ~4,000 yrs (Wandjina style)","oldest":"rock art in situ","tags":["Oceania"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Wandjina have eyes and a nose but never a mouth. Senior men repainted them so the monsoon would come.","rel":["AFR-TAS"]},{"id":"TX040","kind":"text","sub":"Yoruba (W. Africa)","name":"Obatala moulds humans from clay; Oduduwa descends on chain from sky to Ile-Ife","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral; recorded 19th-20th c.","oldest":"n/a","tags":["Africa","Africa","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Yoruba founder spread earth on endless water using a cock, Johnson recorded in 1921.","rel":["TX048"]},{"id":"TX041","kind":"text","sub":"Hittite/Hurrian","name":"Kumarbi Cycle (Song of Kumarbi / Kingship in Heaven)","place":"Berlin","lat":52.521,"lon":13.396,"date":"c.14th-13th c. BCE","oldest":"Hattusa tablets c.13th c. BCE","tags":["Near East","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Hittite tablet tells of a god who bit off his king's genitals, swallowed them, and became pregnant.","rel":["TX033","TX047"]},{"id":"TX042","kind":"text","sub":"Mesopotamian","name":"Uruk List of Kings and Sages","place":"Baghdad","lat":33.329,"lon":44.383,"date":"165 BCE (Seleucid)","oldest":"165 BCE","tags":["Near East","Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"On 16 May 165 BC a priest at Uruk listed the sages back to the Flood, then signed it 'by his own hand'.","rel":["TX008","MES-007"]},{"id":"TX043","kind":"text","sub":"Ugaritic (Canaanite)","name":"Baal Cycle","place":"Paris","lat":48.861,"lon":2.336,"date":"c.14th-13th c. BCE","oldest":"c.1350-1190 BCE","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Ugarit's scribe Ilimilku signed five of the clay tablets that tell the story of Baal.","rel":["TX044"]},{"id":"TX044","kind":"text","sub":"Ugaritic/Hebrew","name":"Rephaim (Ugaritic rpum texts KTU 1.20-1.22; Deut 3:11; Isa 26:14)","place":"St Petersburg","lat":59.934,"lon":30.335,"date":"c.13th c. BCE (Ugarit); 7th-6th c. BCE (Hebrew)","oldest":"as above","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Deuteronomy says Og's iron bed could still be seen at Rabbah: nine cubits long and four wide.","rel":["TX011"]},{"id":"TX045","kind":"text","sub":"Zoroastrian (Persian)","name":"Bundahishn","place":"Held in several collections","date":"Compiled mostly 8th-9th c. CE from older Avestan material","oldest":"9th c. CE+ (mss. later)","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"A Persian creation book sets all history in a 12,000-year plan, with evil's defeat already scheduled.","rel":["TX054"]},{"id":"TX046","kind":"text","sub":"Mandaean","name":"Ginza Rabba","place":"Oxford","lat":51.754,"lon":-1.254,"date":"Compiled 2nd-7th c. CE (debated)","oldest":"mss. 16th c.+","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In a Mandaean scripture, the first man lay on the ground unable to stand until a soul was fetched for him.","rel":["TX038"]},{"id":"TX047","kind":"text","sub":"Hittite/Hurrian","name":"Song of Ullikummi (Kumarbi cycle)","place":"Hattusa","lat":40.02,"lon":34.615,"date":"c.14th-13th c. BCE","oldest":"13th c. BCE","tags":["Near East"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Hittite stone giant grew a yard a day until it touched the sky. The gods cut it down with a primeval tool.","rel":["TX041"]},{"id":"TX048","kind":"text","sub":"Māori (Polynesian)","name":"Tāne shapes Hine-ahu-one from earth at Kurawaka","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral; recorded 19th c. (e.g. Grey 1855; White 1887-90)","oldest":"19th c. CE","tags":["Oceania"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"When Tāne breathed into the woman he shaped from earth, she sneezed: the sneeze of life.","rel":["TX034"]},{"id":"TX049","kind":"text","sub":"Polynesian","name":"Tangaroa creation traditions","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral","oldest":"19th c. recordings","tags":["Oceania","Creation myths"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Samoans say Tagaloa made their islands as stepping stones. In Māori thought, Tangaroa is the sea itself.","rel":["PAC-008"]},{"id":"TX050","kind":"text","sub":"Zulu (Southern Africa)","name":"Unkulunkulu","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral; recorded 19th c. (Callaway 1868-70)","oldest":"1868","tags":["Africa","Africa"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Unkulunkulu sent a slow chameleon to say 'Let not men die.' A fast lizard got there first.","rel":["TX040"]},{"id":"TX051","kind":"text","sub":"Chinese","name":"Fuxi and Nüwa","place":"Held in several collections","date":"Warring States to Han texts; Han tomb art c.1st-2nd c. CE","oldest":"Han-era reliefs","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"On a 216 cm silk banner from Astana, Fuxi holds a set-square and Nüwa a compass, their serpent tails entwined.","rel":["TX036","TX042"]},{"id":"TX052","kind":"text","sub":"Chinese","name":"Shanhaijing (Classic of Mountains and Seas)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"4th c. BCE to early Han","oldest":"Song-era editions","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Chinese classic lists some 500 mountains, 300 rivers and 435 plants, with monsters beside them.","rel":["TX051"]},{"id":"TX053","kind":"text","sub":"Japanese","name":"Nihon Shoki (descent of Ninigi, Book 2)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"720 CE","oldest":"Tenth-c.+ mss. [unverified]","tags":["Asia"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Japan's 720 chronicle has a god with a nose seven hands long. Only a laughing goddess dared face him.","rel":["TX037"]},{"id":"TX054","kind":"text","sub":"Aztec","name":"Legend of the Suns (Codex Chimalpopoca)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"1558 (Nahuatl)","oldest":"1558","tags":["Mesoamerica","Astronomy"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"An Aztec text counts 2,513 years of dead worlds, and says our people are made of ground bone and blood.","rel":["TX045","TX003"]},{"id":"TX055","kind":"text","sub":"Andean (Quechua)","name":"Huarochirí Manuscript","place":"Madrid","lat":40.424,"lon":-3.69,"date":"c.1598-1608","oldest":"c.1608","tags":["Andes"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"The Huarochirí Manuscript may have been compiled for the 'extirpator of idolatries' Francisco de Avila.","rel":["TX029"]},{"id":"TX056","kind":"text","sub":"Hindu (Vedic/Puranic)","name":"Manu and the flood: Shatapatha Brahmana 1.8.1; Matsya Purana","place":"Held in several collections","date":"Shatapatha c.8th-6th c. BCE; Matsya Purana c.3rd-10th c. CE","oldest":"mss. 2nd mill. CE","tags":["Asia","Flood myths"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A fish begged a man to raise it, then saved him from a flood that left him the only one alive.","rel":["TX003","TX008"]},{"id":"TX057","kind":"text","sub":"Dogon (Mali)","name":"Nommo (amphibious ancestral spirits)","place":"Held in several collections","date":"oral; Griaule & Dieterlen 1930s-60s","oldest":"1950-65","tags":["Africa","Sky beings"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Griaule said the Dogon knew of a tiny star circling Sirius every 50 years. The puzzle is who told whom.","rel":["TX032","TX008"]},{"id":"CUB-MEG","kind":"site","sub":"Americas","name":"Cuban underwater formation (MEGA, off Guanahacabibes)","place":"Cuba","date":"unknown (natural vs artificial unresolved)","tags":[],"nfacts":7,"nsrc":5,"hook":"In 2000 sonar found shapes like a city 600 to 750 metres down off western Cuba.","rel":["LEV-ATL","ASI-DWA"]},{"id":"ASI-XIA","kind":"site","sub":"Asia","name":"Chinese pyramids (Xi'an/Xianyang mound tombs; 'White Pyramid' claim)","place":"China","date":"Qin/Han dynasties (INTERPRETATION)","tags":[],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A 300 m white pyramid near Xi'an is a popular story. The measured pyramids are imperial tombs about 50 m high.","rel":["ASI-011"]},{"id":"MAM-010","kind":"site","sub":"Mesoamerica","name":"Olmec colossal heads","place":"Mexico (Gulf Coast)","date":"carved more than 2,800 years ago; San Lorenzo grew 1200 to 850 BC","tags":[],"nfacts":80,"nsrc":1,"hook":"Olmec heads of up to 25.3 short tons were basalt from the Tuxtla Mountains. Two scientists traced it in 1965.","rel":["MAM-007","CRI-SPH"]},{"id":"W11T04","kind":"text","sub":"Modern (20th c.)","name":"Emerald Tablets of Thoth the Atlantean","place":"","date":"Claimed found in Great Pyramid 1925; no physical tablets","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"The book claims twelve tablets of emerald green, made imperishable. No one has ever produced one.","rel":["W11T10"]},{"id":"W11T10","kind":"text","sub":"Modern (20th c.)","name":"Kolbrin","place":"","date":"Claimed Glastonbury-rescued ancient MSS; no manuscripts produced","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4,"hook":"A book said to be saved from a burning abbey. The abbey says it never held it.","rel":["W11T04"]},{"id":"W15T11","kind":"text","sub":"Indian","name":"Samarangana Sutradhara","place":"","date":"7,430 shlokas in 83 chapters; temple chapters 52-67","tags":[],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":1,"hook":"A Sanskrit chapter of 224 verses describes a wooden bird lifted by heated mercury.","rel":["TX027"]},{"id":"W15T15","kind":"text","sub":"Modern (claimed Egyptian)","name":"Tulli Papyrus","place":"","date":"Claimed reign of Thutmose III (1479-1425 BCE); claim 1953; probably copied from Gardiner, ","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Scribes saw a 'circle of fire' with a foul breath, says the 1953 text. Nobody has ever produced the papyrus.","rel":["W15T18"]},{"id":"W15T16","kind":"text","sub":"Modern (Theosophical)","name":"Book of Dzyan","place":"","date":"1888","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A book said to be written in a language no linguist knows, seen by one woman, and quoted for over a century.","rel":["W11T04"]},{"id":"W15T17","kind":"text","sub":"Modern (claimed Frisian)","name":"Oera Linda Book","place":"","date":"Widely recognised as forgery by 1879; Jensma: likely hoax/exercise by Haverschmidt","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"In 1867 a Frisian 'ancient chronicle' appeared. It was written on paper made after 1850.","rel":["W15T16"]},{"id":"W15T18","kind":"text","sub":"Egyptian","name":"Annals of Thutmose III","place":"","date":"Regnal years 22 (1458 BCE) to 42 (1438 BCE); space 25 m x 12 m; first campaign year 23 (Me","tags":[],"nfacts":2,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Thutmose III's annals at Karnak run 223 lines. The glowing discs come from a papyrus no one has seen.","rel":["W15T15","EGY-007"]},{"id":"W15T19","kind":"text","sub":"Ethiopian","name":"Kebra Nagast","place":"","date":"117 chapters; composition 1314-1321/22 (Conti Rossini, Littmann, Cerulli)","tags":[],"nfacts":1,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Ethiopia's Kebra Nagast, 117 chapters long, says the Ark was smuggled out of Jerusalem.","rel":["W16T05"]},{"id":"W15T20","kind":"text","sub":"Vedic","name":"Rig Veda (corpus)","place":"","date":"c.1500-1000 BCE (wider 1900-1200 BCE)","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Over a thousand hymns, carried by memory alone for centuries. How old is the Rigveda really?","rel":["TX023"]},{"id":"W16T05","kind":"text","sub":"Hebrew / Ethiopian","name":"Ark of the Covenant (lost object; Axum claim)","place":"","date":"carried ~2,000 cubits (800 m) ahead of people","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Exodus gives the Ark's size to the half cubit. Where it went, the Bible never says.","rel":["W15T19"]},{"id":"W16T06","kind":"text","sub":"Hopi","name":"Book of the Hopi (Waters 1963)","place":"","date":"1963","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A 1963 book of Hopi sacred history, recorded on tape by one man. Whose voice is in it?","rel":["TX031"]},{"id":"W17T01","kind":"text","sub":"Rapa Nui","name":"Rongorongo corpus (Easter Island)","place":"","date":"2 to 2,320 glyphs per text, >15,000 total; first reported by Eugene Eyraud 1864; Tablet Q ","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":1,"hook":"One rongorongo tablet's wood dates to 1493–1509, long before Europeans reached Rapa Nui.","rel":["W17A01"]},{"id":"W18T01","kind":"text","sub":"Maya","name":"Dresden Codex (Maya)","place":"","date":"78 pages (amate, 20 cm high, 3.7 m unfolded); made c.1200-1250 (Thompson) / no later than ","tags":[],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1739 a Dresden librarian got a Maya book in Vienna 'even slightly for free'.","rel":["MAM-015"]},{"id":"NX-T12","kind":"text","sub":"Babylonian","name":"Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa (Enuma Anu Enlil 63)","place":"Nineveh, Iraq (find-spot of the British Museum copy, K.160)","lat":36.36667,"lon":43.15,"date":"Compiled c. mid-17th c. BC (Middle Chronology); BM copy 7th c. BC","tags":[],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":2,"hook":"Babylonian scribes logged Venus for 21 years. Their record could fix ancient dates, if it were clear.","rel":["W18T01"]},{"id":"NX-T22","kind":"text","sub":"Aztec","name":"Codex Borgia","place":"Vatican Library, Vatican City (museum location; original find-spot in Mexico unknown)","lat":41.90472,"lon":12.45444,"date":"Pre-Columbian style; 16th c. per source","tags":[],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A screenfold of 76 painted pages from ancient Mexico. Is its middle a journey of Venus, or a set of rituals?","rel":["W18T01"]},{"id":"NX-T36","kind":"text","sub":"German (17th c.)","name":"Stralsund 1665 flying ships","place":"Stralsund, Germany","lat":null,"lon":null,"date":"1665","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Six fishermen, an air battle of ships, then a plate-like shape over a church. A Berlin museum asks why.","rel":["UFO-ARN"]},{"id":"NX-A01","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Roman dodecahedra","place":"Roman north-western provinces (no single find-spot)","lat":null,"lon":null,"date":"Roman era (2nd-4th c. AD typical; INTERPRETATION)","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"About 130 Roman bronze objects with twelve faces, and more than fifty explanations. None is written down.","rel":["W11A43"]},{"id":"NX-A06","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Burney Relief (Queen of the Night)","place":"British Museum, London (museum location; original find-site unknown)","lat":51.51944,"lon":-0.12694,"date":"1800-1750 BCE (BM)","tags":[],"nfacts":10,"nsrc":4,"hook":"A winged woman between owls, standing on lions. Offered for £350 in 1935, she now has a royal name.","rel":["NX-A43"]},{"id":"NX-A08","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Shigir Idol","place":"Near Kirovgrad, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia (find-spot)","lat":57.38088,"lon":60.14071,"date":"c. 11,500 years (radiocarbon)","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A wooden figure about 11,500 years old, covered in faces. What were they meant to say?","rel":["GOB-TEP"]},{"id":"NX-A09","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel","place":"Hohlenstein-Stadel cave, Lone valley, Germany (find-spot)","lat":48.54931,"lon":10.17294,"date":"35,000-41,000 yr","tags":[],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":4,"hook":"A lion-headed figure carved in mammoth ivory about 40,000 years ago. Man, woman, or something else?","rel":["NX-A08"]},{"id":"NX-A14","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Crivelli, Annunciation with Saint Emidius","place":"National Gallery, London (museum location)","lat":51.50889,"lon":-0.12833,"date":"1486","tags":[],"nfacts":8,"nsrc":3,"hook":"A flash from a ring in the sky strikes the Virgin through a hole in the wall. Crivelli painted it in 1486.","rel":["UFO-ARN"]},{"id":"NX-A17","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Aztec Sun Stone","place":"Mexico City (find-spot); now in the National Museum of Anthropology","lat":19.42611,"lon":-99.1875,"date":"c. 1502-1521","tags":[],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A basalt disc 3.6 m across and 24,590 kg. Calendar, altar, or both?","rel":["MAM-012"]},{"id":"NX-A30","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Kish tablet","place":"Kish, Babil Governorate, Iraq (find-spot)","lat":32.61667,"lon":44.55,"date":"Late Uruk","tags":[],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":4,"hook":"A small limestone tablet from Kish, about 3200 to 3000 BC. Is it writing, or just pictures?","rel":["MES-007"]},{"id":"NX-A33","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Trundholm sun chariot","place":"Trundholm Mose, Zealand, Denmark (find-spot)","lat":55.88661,"lon":11.57239,"date":"c. 1400 BC","tags":[],"nfacts":5,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A bronze horse pulls a gilded sun disc on wheels. Some see a calendar in its decoration.","rel":["W11A25"]},{"id":"NX-A41","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Pashupati seal","place":"National Museum of India, New Delhi (museum location; found at Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan)","lat":28.61181,"lon":77.21926,"date":"c. 2350-2000 BCE (Mature Harappan; INTERPRETATION)","tags":[],"nfacts":4,"nsrc":2,"hook":"A three-faced figure ringed by animals on Indus seal 420. Sir John Marshall saw an early Shiva.","rel":["ASI-012"]},{"id":"NX-A43","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Gebel el-Arak Knife","place":"Abydos area, Egypt (proposed find-spot; dealer reported Gebel el-Arak)","lat":26.18517,"lon":31.91889,"date":"Naqada II C-D, c. 3600-3200 BC (Louvre); 3450-3400 BC (Wikipedia)","tags":[],"nfacts":12,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Bought from a dealer in 1914, this Egyptian knife shows a man taming two lions.","rel":["NX-A06"]},{"id":"NX-A45","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Plimpton 322","place":"Larsa (Tell Senkereh), Iraq (find-spot per Columbia; exact spot unrecorded)","lat":31.28583,"lon":45.85361,"date":"c. 1820-1762 BCE (Columbia); c. 1800 BC","tags":[],"nfacts":12,"nsrc":3,"hook":"A Babylonian tablet holds 15 rows of Pythagorean triples. Was it a teacher's aid?","rel":["W11A41"]},{"id":"NX-A47","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Shroud of Turin","place":"Turin, Italy","lat":45.07306,"lon":7.68583,"date":"AD 1260-1390 (radiocarbon, 1988)","tags":[],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Three labs dated the Shroud to AD 1260–1390. A chemist said they tested a repair.","rel":["NX-A49"]},{"id":"NX-A48","kind":"artifact","sub":"Authenticated","name":"Copper Scroll (3Q15)","place":"Qumran Cave 3, West Bank (find-spot); now in the Jordan Museum, Amman","lat":31.7419,"lon":35.45994,"date":"c. 50-100 CE (INTERPRETATION)","tags":[],"nfacts":6,"nsrc":3,"hook":"Found in 1952, a scroll engraved on copper lists buried gold and silver.","rel":["LEV-002"]},{"id":"NX-A49","kind":"artifact","sub":"Disputed","name":"Mask of Agamemnon","place":"Mycenae, Greece (find-spot); now in the National Archaeological Museum, Athens","lat":37.73083,"lon":22.75611,"date":"16th c. BC (NAM; 1550-1500 BC typical)","tags":[],"nfacts":12,"nsrc":4,"hook":"Schliemann found this gold mask on 30 November 1876 and closed the dig three days later.","rel":["EUR-009"]},{"id":"UFO-ARN","kind":"ufo","sub":"Pilot report","name":"Kenneth Arnold sighting","place":"Near Mount Rainier, Washington, USA","lat":46.853,"lon":-121.76,"date":"24 June 1947","tags":["Pilots","USA"],"hook":"A search pilot timed nine shiny objects at about 1,200 mph in 1947, and the word 'saucer' entered the story","rel":["GOV-PBB","REC-TWI1947"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3},{"id":"UFO-DC52","kind":"ufo","sub":"Radar and visual","name":"Washington, D.C. sightings","place":"Washington, D.C., USA","lat":38.851,"lon":-77.04,"date":"12–29 July 1952","tags":["Radar","Military","USA"],"hook":"Radar at Washington National tracked unknown targets over the White House and the Capitol","rel":["REC-CSG1952","REC-ROB1953"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3},{"id":"UFO-REN","kind":"ufo","sub":"Military witnesses","name":"Rendlesham Forest incident","place":"Rendlesham Forest, Suffolk, England","lat":52.0889,"lon":1.4492,"date":"26–28 December 1980","tags":["Military","UK","Declassified"],"hook":"US airmen chased a light through Rendlesham Forest. A lighthouse nearby flashes every 5 seconds","rel":["GOV-UK"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4},{"id":"UFO-PHX","kind":"ufo","sub":"Mass sighting","name":"Phoenix Lights","place":"Phoenix, Arizona, USA","lat":33.448,"lon":-112.074,"date":"13 March 1997","tags":["Mass sighting","USA"],"hook":"Arizona's governor mocked the Phoenix Lights in a press conference, then said he'd seen them himself","rel":["GOV-NAVY"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":5},{"id":"UFO-NIM","kind":"ufo","sub":"Navy pilots, video","name":"USS Nimitz “Tic Tac” encounter","place":"Pacific Ocean, off Baja California","lat":31.5,"lon":-117.5,"date":"November 2004","tags":["Navy","Video","Military","USA"],"hook":"Radar watched contacts drop from above 80,000 ft to 20,000 ft, then a Navy pilot went to look","rel":["GOV-NAVY","GOV-ODNI"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":5},{"id":"CR-ROS","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged recovery","name":"Roswell incident","place":"Ranch near Corona, New Mexico, USA","lat":33.9503,"lon":-105.3142,"date":"June–July 1947","tags":["Roswell","US Air Force","Debris","USA"],"hook":"On 8 July 1947 the Army said it had a flying disc. A day later it was a balloon.","rel":["REC-TWI1947","GOV-FBI"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4},{"id":"CR-KEC","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged recovery","name":"Kecksburg incident","place":"Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, USA","lat":40.184,"lon":-79.462,"date":"9 December 1965","tags":["Debris","USA"],"hook":"A firefighter said the military trucked an acorn-shaped object, about 10 feet long, out of a Pennsylvania wood","rel":["CR-SHA1967"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4},{"id":"CR-VAR","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged capture","name":"Varginha incident","place":"Varginha, Minas Gerais, Brazil","lat":-21.551,"lon":-45.43,"date":"January 1996","tags":["Military","Brazil"],"hook":"Three young women in Varginha ran home and told their mother they had seen the devil","rel":["UFO-COL1977"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2},{"id":"GOV-PBB","kind":"gov","sub":"Declassified archive","name":"Project Blue Book records","place":"U.S. National Archives (NARA), USA","lat":38.998,"lon":-76.957,"date":"Project ran 1952 – 17 Dec 1969; records later retired to NARA","tags":["Declassified","Archive","US Air Force","USA"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Project Blue Book logged 12,618 sightings; 701 stayed unidentified.","rel":["REC-SR14","REC-CON1968"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"GOV-NARA","kind":"gov","sub":"Records collection","name":"UAP Records Collection (Record Group 615)","place":"U.S. National Archives (NARA), College Park, Maryland, USA","lat":39.0,"lon":-76.96,"date":"Created under the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act; records added on a rolling basis","tags":["Archive","Law","USA"],"hook":"Record Group 615 now collects every US agency's UFO records, under Public Law 118-31.","rel":["REC-PURSUE","GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3},{"id":"GOV-CIA","kind":"gov","sub":"FOIA release","name":"CIA “UFOs: Fact or Fiction?” collection","place":"CIA FOIA Electronic Reading Room (Langley, Virginia, USA)","lat":38.951,"lon":-77.146,"date":"Documents from the 1940s to the early 1990s, released under FOIA (for example, a photo-analysis memo released 5 Oct 1978)","tags":["FOIA","Declassified","Intelligence","USA"],"hook":"The CIA's UFO files run from the 1940s to the early 1990s. Its historian found a cover story.","rel":["REC-CSG1952","REC-ROB1953"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":5},{"id":"GOV-FBI","kind":"gov","sub":"FOIA release","name":"FBI Vault UFO file and Hottel memo","place":"FBI Vault (FBI Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA)","lat":38.895,"lon":-77.025,"date":"UFO file in 16 parts; Hottel memo dated 22 March 1950; both published online in the FBI Vault","tags":["FOIA","FBI","Roswell","USA"],"hook":"A one-page FBI memo from 22 March 1950 reports three flying saucers in New Mexico.","rel":["CR-ROS"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3},{"id":"GOV-UK","kind":"gov","sub":"Declassified archive","name":"UK Ministry of Defence UFO files","place":"The National Archives, Kew, London, UK","lat":51.481,"lon":-0.28,"date":"Released in ten tranches, 2008 – 21 June 2013","tags":["Declassified","Archive","Military","UK"],"hook":"The MoD's last UFO files ran to 4,400 pages. Reports trebled in 2009.","rel":["UFO-REN","REC-FSWP1951","REC-CDG2006"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2},{"id":"GOV-NAVY","kind":"gov","sub":"Video release","name":"Pentagon release of three Navy UAP videos","place":"The Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, USA","lat":38.874,"lon":-77.06,"date":"27 April 2020","tags":["Video","Navy","Military","USA"],"hook":"On 27 April 2020 the Pentagon released three Navy clips and called them unidentified.","rel":["UFO-NIM"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4},{"id":"GOV-ODNI","kind":"gov","sub":"Public report","name":"ODNI Preliminary Assessment on UAP","place":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Washington, D.C. area, USA","lat":38.95,"lon":-77.15,"date":"Released 25 June 2021","tags":["Intelligence","Report","Military","USA"],"hook":"Of 144 UAP reports from US government sources, the intelligence community could explain one","rel":["GOV-AARO"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":3},{"id":"GOV-NASA","kind":"gov","sub":"Public report","name":"NASA UAP Independent Study final report","place":"NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA","lat":38.883,"lon":-77.016,"date":"Published 14 September 2023","tags":["Science","Report","USA"],"hook":"NASA's UAP panel said the trouble is data, not a lack of sightings.","rel":["GOV-AARO"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":2},{"id":"GOV-AARO","kind":"gov","sub":"Public report","name":"AARO Historical Record Report, Vol. I","place":"All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office, the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia, USA","lat":38.871,"lon":-77.056,"date":"Released 8 March 2024","tags":["Report","Military","Archive","USA"],"hook":"Project Blue Book logged 12,618 sightings and left 701 unidentified. AARO found no evidence of recovered craft","rel":["REC-HRG2023","REC-KONA","REC-EST1948"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4},{"id":"GOV-FR","kind":"gov","sub":"Open archive","name":"GEIPAN case archive (France)","place":"CNES, Toulouse, France","lat":43.561,"lon":1.481,"date":"Archive opened online March 2007","tags":["Archive","Science","France"],"hook":"In 2007 France called 28% of UFO cases unexplained. Now it says 3.1%.","rel":["UFO-TEP1981"],"nfacts":0,"nsrc":4},{"id":"UFO-NUR1561","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg","place":"Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany","lat":49.4521,"lon":11.0767,"date":"1561-04-14 (dawn)","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"A Nuremberg printer filled the sky of 14 April 1561 with battling spheres, then wrote: God alone knows","nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-LA1942","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Battle of Los Angeles","place":"Los Angeles, California, USA","lat":34.0522,"lon":-118.2437,"date":"1942-02-24/25","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"The famous 1942 photo of the 'Battle of Los Angeles' was retouched with paint. The guns fired 1,440 rounds","rel":["UFO-FOO1944"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-FOO1944","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Foo fighters (415th Night Fighter Squadron)","place":"Rhine valley, France–Germany border (approximate)","lat":49.6,"lon":7.5,"date":"1944-11-27 onward","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"US night-fighter crews logged red and green lights following their aircraft over the Rhine","rel":["UFO-LA1942"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-MAN1948","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Mantell UFO incident","place":"Godman Field, Fort Knox, Kentucky, USA","lat":37.0,"lon":-85.9,"date":"1948-01-07","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"On 7 January 1948 Thomas Mantell died chasing an object 250 to 300 feet across.","rel":["GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-CW1948","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Chiles–Whitted encounter","place":"Near Montgomery, Alabama, USA","lat":32.4,"lon":-86.3,"date":"1948-07-24","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Two airline pilots said a lit, wingless shape shot past their DC-3 at 2:45 a.m. in July 1948.","rel":["UFO-MAN1948"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-GOR1948","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Gorman dogfight","place":"Fargo, North Dakota, USA","lat":46.877,"lon":-96.79,"date":"1948-10-01","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Over Fargo in 1948, pilot George Gorman dogfought a blinking light. Blue Book's chief said it was a balloon.","rel":["UFO-MAN1948"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-MCM1950","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"McMinnville (Trent) photographs","place":"Near Sheridan, Oregon, USA","lat":45.1,"lon":-123.4,"date":"1950-05-11 ~7:30 pm","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"The McMinnville saucer negatives turned up under a davenport, where the farm children had been playing.","rel":["REC-CON1968"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-LUB1951","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Lubbock Lights","place":"Lubbock, Texas, USA","lat":33.5779,"lon":-101.8552,"date":"1951-08-25 to 09","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Four professors saw 15 to 30 bluish-green lights cross Lubbock. Blue Book's chief later blamed moths.","rel":["GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-FLW1952","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Flatwoods monster","place":"Flatwoods, West Virginia, USA","lat":38.7223,"lon":-80.6503,"date":"1952-09-12","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Seven people climbed a West Virginia hill in 1952 and met a figure nearly 12 feet tall with a red face.","rel":["UFO-KH1955"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-KIN1953","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Kinross incident (Felix Moncla)","place":"Lake Superior, near Kinross AFB, Michigan, USA","lat":47.0,"lon":-84.5,"date":"1953-11-23","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Two radar returns merged over Lake Superior in 1953. One flew on. The jet and its crew were never found.","rel":["UFO-MAN1948"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-KH1955","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Kelly–Hopkinsville encounter","place":"Kelly, near Hopkinsville, Kentucky, USA","lat":36.8,"lon":-87.47,"date":"1955-08-21","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"\"We've been fighting them for nearly four hours.\" Two carloads of Kentuckians reached the police in 1955.","rel":["UFO-FLW1952"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-LAK1956","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Lakenheath–Bentwaters radar-visual","place":"RAF Lakenheath and RAF Bentwaters, Suffolk, England","lat":52.409,"lon":0.561,"date":"1956-08-13/14","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"\"I've got my guns locked on him.\" Over Suffolk in 1956, a fighter pilot became the hunted.","rel":["REC-CON1968"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-RB47-1957","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"RB-47 radar/ELINT case (Condon Case 5)","place":"Mississippi–Louisiana–Texas region, USA (approximate)","lat":32.3,"lon":-90.2,"date":"1957-07-17 (Condon wrote \"Fall 1957\")","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"A bomber crew said a glowing light as 'big as a barn' crossed their path in 1957. No record survives.","rel":["REC-CON1968"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-LEV1957","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Levelland UFO case","place":"Levelland, Texas, USA","lat":33.587,"lon":-102.378,"date":"1957-11-02/03","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"The Air Force filed Levelland's dead engines as ball lightning, then logged 300 more reports in its wake.","rel":["UFO-COY1973"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-HILL1961","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Betty and Barney Hill","place":"White Mountains, New Hampshire, USA","lat":44.1,"lon":-71.68,"date":"1961-09-19/20","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"The morning after the drive, the toes of Barney Hill's best dress shoes were scraped, and he couldn't say why.","rel":["UFO-PAS1973","UFO-WAL1975"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-SOC1964","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Lonnie Zamora (Socorro) landing","place":"Socorro, New Mexico, USA","lat":34.05,"lon":-106.9,"date":"1964-04-24","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"In 1964 a police officer stopped 150 ft from a white, egg-shaped craft. Blue Book never explained it.","rel":["GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-EXE1965","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Exeter incident","place":"Exeter, New Hampshire, USA","lat":42.98,"lon":-70.95,"date":"1965-09-03","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Two Exeter patrolmen told Blue Book their 2 am object was no B-47. Months later, it could not name it.","rel":["UFO-PHX"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-WES1966","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Westall UFO","place":"Westall, Clayton South, Melbourne, Australia","lat":-37.94,"lon":145.13,"date":"1966-04-06","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Students said a craft 'twice the size of a family car' landed in a paddock near their Melbourne school.","rel":["UFO-ARI1994"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-FAL1967","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Falcon Lake incident","place":"Falcon Lake, Manitoba, Canada","lat":49.7,"lon":-95.3,"date":"1967-05-20 ~3 pm","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"In 1967 a man said he spoke to a landed craft in six languages. His glove burned when he touched it.","rel":["UFO-CL1980"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-MAL1967","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Malmstrom / Echo Flight missile shutdown","place":"Echo Flight, between Hilger and Winifred, Montana, USA","lat":47.2,"lon":-109.5,"date":"1967-03","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"At 0845 on 16 March 1967, all 10 Echo Flight missile sites in Montana dropped off alert at once.","rel":["REC-HRG2023"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-CAR1969","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Jimmy Carter UFO sighting","place":"Leary, Georgia, USA","lat":31.86,"lon":-84.6,"date":"1969 (date disputed)","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Jimmy Carter's UFO form says 10-12 men watched a light as bright as the moon in Leary, Georgia.","rel":["GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-PAS1973","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Pascagoula abduction","place":"Pascagoula, Mississippi, USA","lat":30.35,"lon":-88.55,"date":"1973-10-11","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Police secretly taped two men left alone after they said they had been taken aboard a craft.","rel":["UFO-HILL1961"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-COY1973","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Coyne helicopter encounter","place":"Near Mansfield, Ohio, USA","lat":40.65,"lon":-82.5,"date":"1973-10-18 ~11:02 pm","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"An Army helicopter crew said a gray shape stopped over them and bathed the cockpit in green light.","rel":["UFO-LEV1957"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-WAL1975","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Travis Walton abduction","place":"Near Heber, Arizona, USA","lat":34.4,"lon":-110.6,"date":"1975-11-05","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"A seven-man crew said a beam of light struck their co-worker. Five days later he phoned his sister.","rel":["UFO-HILL1961"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-TEH1976","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"1976 Tehran UFO incident","place":"Tehran, Iran","lat":35.69,"lon":51.39,"date":"1976-09-19","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"An Iranian F-4 pilot readied a missile at a light over Tehran. His weapons panel went dead.","rel":["UFO-RB47-1957"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-PET1977","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Petrozavodsk phenomenon","place":"Petrozavodsk, Karelia, USSR (now Russia)","lat":61.79,"lon":34.36,"date":"1977-09-20","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Before dawn a 'jellyfish' of light hung over a Soviet city. A secret launch may explain most of it.","rel":["UFO-ARI1994"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-COL1977","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Colares flap / Operação Prato","place":"Colares island, Pará, Brazil","lat":-0.93,"lon":-48.28,"date":"1977–1978","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"At 05:30 in 1977 a Brazilian man said a ray-shaped light fired a blue beam into his back. The military came.","rel":["CR-VAR"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-VAL1978","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Frederick Valentich disappearance","place":"Bass Strait, off Cape Otway, Victoria, Australia","lat":-39.4,"lon":143.75,"date":"1978-10-21 19:12 AEST","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"On 21 October 1978 a 20-year-old pilot radioed 'it's not an aircraft' and vanished.","rel":["UFO-KIN1953"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-MAN1979","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Manises UFO incident","place":"Manises, Valencia, Spain","lat":39.49,"lon":-0.47,"date":"1979-11-11","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Two red lights paced an airliner off Ibiza in 1979. Its crew never saw anything behind them.","rel":["UFO-BEL1990"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-CL1980","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Cash–Landrum incident","place":"Near Huffman, Texas, USA","lat":30.0926,"lon":-95.1109,"date":"1980-12-29 ~9 pm","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"In 1980 three Texans said a burning object left them sick. The Army found no helicopters.","rel":["UFO-FAL1967"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-TEP1981","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Trans-en-Provence","place":"Trans-en-Provence, Var, France","lat":43.5,"lon":6.48,"date":"1981-01-08 5 pm","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"A French farmer said a 2.5 m object landed outside his house. A government lab later tested the soil.","rel":["GOV-FR"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-HES1981","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Hessdalen lights","place":"Hessdalen valley, Trøndelag, Norway","lat":62.79,"lon":11.19,"date":"1981–present","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Hessdalen in Norway once logged up to 20 strange lights a week. Radar clocked some at 30.000 km/h.","rel":["UFO-PET1977"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-JAL1986","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"JAL 1628 over Alaska","place":"Over northeastern Alaska, USA","lat":62.0,"lon":-146.0,"date":"1986-11-17","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"A JAL cargo captain said a craft 'as big as B747 or larger' paced him over Alaska. A United jet saw nothing.","rel":["UFO-TEH1976"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-BEL1990","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Belgian wave (30–31 Mar 1990 F-16 chase)","place":"Beauvechain Air Base area, Belgium","lat":50.75,"lon":4.77,"date":"1989–1990","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Two Belgian F-16s locked on to a target that jumped from 150 to 970 knots, with no sonic boom.","rel":["UFO-MAN1979"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-CAL1990","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Calvine photograph","place":"Near Calvine, Perthshire, Scotland","lat":56.78,"lon":-3.97,"date":"1990-08-04","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"An RAF press officer kept a Calvine UFO print for 32 years. The other five photos and the negatives are lost.","rel":["GOV-UK"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"UFO-ARI1994","kind":"ufo","sub":"Historical sighting","name":"Ariel School","place":"Ariel School, Ruwa, Zimbabwe","lat":-17.92,"lon":31.12,"date":"1994-09-16 ~10 am","tags":["Sightings"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"Four days after the event, a researcher asked the Ariel School children to draw what they had seen.","rel":["UFO-WES1966"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"CR-KIN1953","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged crash site","name":"Kingman crash (single witness)","place":"Near Kingman, Arizona, USA (approximate)","lat":35.19,"lon":-114.05,"date":"1953-05-21 (alleged)","tags":["Crash sites"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Thin evidence, labelled: one man swore he saw a crashed disc near Kingman in May 1953.","rel":["CR-ROS"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"CR-CAP1941","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged crash site","name":"Cape Girardeau (secondhand)","place":"Cape Girardeau, Missouri, USA (approximate)","lat":37.3,"lon":-89.6,"date":"1941-04 (alleged)","tags":["Crash sites"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Thin evidence, labelled: a granddaughter's account of a 1941 crash and three bodies.","rel":["CR-KIN1953"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"CR-SHA1967","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged crash site","name":"Shag Harbour impact","place":"Shag Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada","lat":43.5,"lon":-65.71,"date":"1967-10-04 ~11:20 pm ADT","tags":["Crash sites"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Rescuers at Shag Harbour found no wreck, only foam 30 to 40 yards wide that fishermen called abnormal","rel":["CR-KEC"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"CR-BER1974","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged crash site","name":"Berwyn Mountain (explained)","place":"Berwyn Mountains, Denbighshire, Wales","lat":52.88,"lon":-3.38,"date":"1974-01-23","tags":["Crash sites"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Police saw lights moving on the Berwyn hills after the 1974 quake. Some belonged to poachers","rel":["CR-ROS"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"CR-UBA1957","kind":"crash","sub":"Alleged crash site","name":"Ubatuba fragments","place":"Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil","lat":-23.43,"lon":-45.07,"date":"1957-09 (letter 13 Sep)","tags":["Crash sites"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"A US lab made magnesium with the same strontium level as the 'saucer fragment' on 25 March 1940","rel":["CR-KEC"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-TWI1947","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Twining \"flying discs\" memo (23 Sep 1947)","place":"Wright Field (now Wright-Patterson AFB), Ohio, USA","lat":39.826,"lon":-84.048,"date":"1947-09-23","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"The 1947 Air Force memo calling flying discs 'something real' also said no crash-recovered exhibits existed.","rel":["REC-SIGN1948","UFO-ARN"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-SIGN1948","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Project SAUCER / Sign (1948–49)","place":"Wright Field (now Wright-Patterson AFB), Ohio, USA","lat":39.826,"lon":-84.048,"date":"1947-12-30 – 1949-02","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"The Air Force's first UFO study looked at 243 reports and found 'no definite and conclusive evidence'.","rel":["REC-EST1948","REC-GRU1949","UFO-MAN1948","UFO-CW1948"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-EST1948","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"\"Estimate of the Situation\" (1948) — EXISTENCE DISPUTED","place":"Wright Field (now Wright-Patterson AFB), Ohio, USA","lat":39.826,"lon":-84.048,"date":"1948 (alleged)","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Thin evidence, labelled: a 1948 report said saucers were interplanetary. No copy has been found.","rel":["REC-SIGN1948","GOV-AARO"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-GRU1949","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Project Grudge report (Aug 1949)","place":"Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA","lat":39.826,"lon":-84.048,"date":"1949-02 – 1949-12","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Project Grudge studied 237 reports in 1949 and left about 23% unexplained, then shut down.","rel":["REC-SIGN1948","GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-CSG1952","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"CIA Special Study Group (1952)","place":"CIA headquarters, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.951,"lon":-77.146,"date":"1952","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"After the 1952 Washington sightings, a CIA study group found 90% of reports explainable.","rel":["UFO-DC52","REC-ROB1953"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-ROB1953","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Robertson Panel report (Jan 1953)","place":"CIA, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.951,"lon":-77.146,"date":"1953-01-14 – 1953-01-18","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"In January 1953 a CIA panel found no threat and advised a public campaign of 'debunking'.","rel":["REC-CSG1952","GOV-CIA"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-SR14","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Blue Book Special Report No. 14 (1954)","place":"Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA","lat":39.826,"lon":-84.048,"date":"1954","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"Special Report No. 14: a 1954 statistical study of Air Force UFO cases found nothing beyond known science.","rel":["GOV-PBB"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-OBR1966","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"O'Brien Committee (Ad Hoc Review of Blue Book)","place":"US Air Force, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.871,"lon":-77.056,"date":"1964 (HRR) / Feb 1966 (Wikipedia)","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"A one-day meeting in 1966, with Carl Sagan, recommended universities study UFOs. It led to Condon.","rel":["REC-CON1968"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-CON1968","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Condon Report (1968)","place":"University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA","lat":40.007,"lon":-105.265,"date":"1966-10 – 1968","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"The Condon Report found 'nothing' added to science in 21 years, yet left some cases unexplained.","rel":["UFO-RB47-1957","UFO-LAK1956"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-BRK1960","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Brookings Report (1960)","place":"Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.909,"lon":-77.039,"date":"1960; to Congress 18 Apr 1961","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"A 1960 report for NASA asked whether news of alien life should be shown to or withheld from the public.","rel":["GOV-NASA"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-FSWP1951","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"UK Flying Saucer Working Party report (1951)","place":"Ministry of Defence, London, England","lat":51.504,"lon":-0.126,"date":"1950-10 – 1951-06","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"In June 1951 a secret British committee said stop studying flying saucers, and hid its report for fifty years.","rel":["GOV-UK","REC-CDG2006"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-CDG2006","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"Project Condign (DIS, 2000; released 2006)","place":"Defence Intelligence Staff, London, England","lat":51.504,"lon":-0.126,"date":"1997–2000; 2006-05-15","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"A secret UK study called UAP 'indisputable', then traced the oddest reports to buoyant plasma from meteors.","rel":["GOV-UK"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-COM1999","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"COMETA report (1999) — UNOFFICIAL","place":"Paris, France","lat":48.85,"lon":2.35,"date":"1999","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"A retired general's private group told France's prime minister in 1999 that UFOs were almost certainly real.","rel":["GOV-FR"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-AATIP","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"AAWSAP/AATIP (2007/2009–2012)","place":"Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.871,"lon":-77.056,"date":"2007–2012","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"A 2008 budget line of $22 million, a private contractor, and a program that ended in 2012.","rel":["REC-DIRD","REC-KONA"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-DIRD","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"DIRDs (AAWSAP reports, 2010)","place":"Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.84,"lon":-77.01,"date":"2009–2010","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":2,"hook":"The Pentagon paid for papers on warp drive and wormholes. 37 files are now public.","rel":["REC-AATIP"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-KONA","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"KONA BLUE proposal","place":"Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.88,"lon":-77.02,"date":"c. 2012 (after DIA cancelled AAWSAP)","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"Kona Blue: a proposal to Homeland Security to recover 'non-human biologics'. It was rejected.","rel":["REC-AATIP","GOV-AARO"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-HRG2023","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"House Oversight UAP hearing (26 Jul 2023)","place":"2154 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.887,"lon":-77.01,"date":"2023-07-26","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":3,"hook":"On 26 July 2023 a former intelligence officer told Congress the US recovers craft.","rel":["GOV-AARO"],"nfacts":0},{"id":"REC-PURSUE","kind":"gov","sub":"Released record","name":"US UFO files / PURSUE (2026)","place":"Washington, DC, USA","lat":38.897,"lon":-77.036,"date":"2026-05-08 onward","tags":["Records"],"nsrc":1,"hook":"The US has posted seven tranches of UFO files since 8 May 2026, many never analysed for answers.","rel":["GOV-NARA"],"nfacts":0}]}