{"it":{"id":"ASI-006","kind":"site","sub":"Asia","name":"Dholavira","place":"India","lat":23.889,"lon":70.214,"date":"Earthquakes have repeatedly affected Dholavira, including a particularly severe one…","mat":"basalt;clay;limestone;quartz;sandstone","nfacts":15,"tags":["Asia"],"sum":"Dholavira's walled city, in western India, measures about 771 × 617 m (single source), laid out with reservoirs cut into stone to store rain in a dry land. One stepwell measures about 73.4 m long, 29.3 m wide and 10 m deep (single source).","why":"A ten-sign inscription found near a gateway is one of the longest known in the Indus script, which has never been deciphered.","src":[307,622],"nsrc":3,"yt":"What would ten signs tell us if we could read them?","rel":["MES-003"],"hook":"Ten signs once hung above a gate at Dholavira, each about 35 cm tall. No one can read them."},"S":{"307":["Wikipedia: Dholavira","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholavira"],"622":["UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Dholavira: a Harappan City","https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1645"]},"rec":{"id":"ASI-006","alias":[],"ms":[{"f":"India which is named after a modern-day village","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"1","u":"km","o":"Dholavira (, ) is an archaeological site at Khadirbet in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District, in the state of Gujarat, western India, which is named after a modern-day village 1 km south of it.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0738"},{"f":"This village is","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"165","u":"km","o":"This village is 165 km from Radhanpur.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0739"},{"f":"The","a":"area","v":"47","u":"ha","o":"The 47 ha quadrangular city lay between two seasonal streams, the Mansar in the north and Manhar in the south.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0740"},{"f":"rectangular shape and organization and is spread over","a":"area","v":"22","u":"ha","o":"Estimated to be older than the port-city of Lothal, REF16 the city of Dholavira has a rectangular shape and organization, and is spread over 22 ha.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0741"},{"f":"The area measures","a":"length","v":"771.1","u":"m","o":"The area measures 771.1 m in length, and 616.85 m in width.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0742"},{"f":"area measures 771 1 m in length and","a":"width","v":"616.85","u":"m","o":"The area measures 771.1 m in length, and 616.85 m in width.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0743"},{"f":"The city within the general fortifications accounts for","a":"area","v":"48","u":"ha","o":"REF19 The city within the general fortifications accounts for 48 ha.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0744"},{"f":"ground within the large settlement a drop of","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"13","u":"m","o":"Some of these took advantage of the slope of the ground within the large settlement, a drop of 13 m from northeast to northwest.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0745"},{"f":"are cut through stone vertically and are about","a":"depth","v":"7","u":"m","o":"The reservoirs are cut through stone vertically, and are about 7 m deep and 79 m long.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0746"},{"f":"vertically and are about 7 m deep and","a":"length","v":"79","u":"m","o":"The reservoirs are cut through stone vertically, and are about 7 m deep and 79 m long.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0747"},{"f":"excavation began on a rectangular stepwell which measured","a":"length","v":"73.4","u":"m","o":"In October 2014, excavation began on a rectangular stepwell which measured 73.4 m long, 29.3 m wide, and 10 m deep, making it three times bigger than the Great Bath of Mohenjedaro.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0748"},{"f":"rectangular stepwell which measured 73 4 m long","a":"width","v":"29.3","u":"m","o":"In October 2014, excavation began on a rectangular stepwell which measured 73.4 m long, 29.3 m wide, and 10 m deep, making it three times bigger than the Great Bath of Mohenjedaro.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0749"},{"f":"4 m long 29 3 m wide and","a":"depth","v":"10","u":"m","o":"In October 2014, excavation began on a rectangular stepwell which measured 73.4 m long, 29.3 m wide, and 10 m deep, making it three times bigger than the Great Bath of Mohenjedaro.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0750"},{"f":"without Indus script a huge signboard measuring about","a":"length","v":"3","u":"m","o":"Painted Indus black-on-red-ware pottery, square stamp seals, seals without Indus script, a huge signboard measuring about 3 m in length, containing ten letters of Indus script.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0751"},{"f":"Each sign is about","a":"height","v":"37","u":"cm","o":"Each sign is about 37 cm high and the board on which letters were inscribed was about 3 m long.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380144703 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M0752"}],"lab":[{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"To ensure efficiency and prevent stagnation, these drains incorporated calculated gradients, smooth flooring, sturdy sidewalls, capstones, air ducts, and manholes at key junctions, often constructed using specialized limestone blocks scooped into channels and covered with flat stone slabs.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"A soft sandstone sculpture of a male with phallus erectus but head and feet below ankle truncated was found in the passageway of the eastern gate.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses show that the material consists of quartz, sillimanite-mullite, and iron-titanium oxide phases.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"Other raw materials used for making weights included sandstone (148 specimens, or 14.9 percent), chert including banded Rohri chert (135 specimens, or 13.6 percent), unidentified stone (98 specimens, or 9.9 percent), agate (85 specimens, or 8.6 percent), terracotta (73 specimens, or 7.3 percent), limestone (50 specimens, or 5.0 percent), basalt (29 specimens, or 2.9 percent), jasper (26 specimens, or 2.6 percent), black stone (21 specimens, or 2.1 percent), and copper (21 specimens, or 2.1 perce","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703"}],"eng":[],"ori":[],"gaps":[],"dat":[],"aa":[],"ac":[],"me":[],"ci":[],"cq":[],"sd":[],"sub":[],"site":{"age":"Earthquakes have repeatedly affected Dholavira, including a particularly severe one around 2600 BCE.","dm":"[see dating_excerpt; method not extracted]","lab":"NO: inference only (style/context/king list/textual)","weak":"no direct lab result on the structure in our records; date from stylistic, contextual or textual inference","unesco":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1645","dens":"CENSUS"},"co":{"lat":"23.88860556","lon":"70.21363611","src":"Wikidata P625 + UNESCO WHC list XML (agree ≤0.05°)","agree":"agree (inside OSM feature extent)","b":"V","note":"two independent sources agree; max delta 0.0136 deg (~1.51 km)","osm":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/node/1421958769"},"src":[{"id":"S0290","t":"no inline ref in article","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dholavira&oldid=1380144703"},{"id":"S0471","t":"Wikipedia: Dholavira","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholavira"},{"id":"S2623","t":"UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Dholavira: a Harappan City","u":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1645"},{"id":"VASI-006-4","t":"Frontline: Inscriptions on stone and wood","u":"https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30180720.ece"},{"id":"VASI-006-5","t":"UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Dholavira: a Harappan City","u":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1645/"},{"id":"VASI-006-6","t":"Steve Farmer et al., The collapse of the Indus-script thesis (PDF)","u":"https://www.safarmer.com/fsw2.pdf"},{"id":null,"t":"Harappa.com (Harappa Archaeological Research Project), Dholavira and Its Mysterious Sign Board","u":"https://www.harappa.com/blog/dholavira-and-its-mysterious-sign-board"},{"id":null,"t":"ICOMOS, Evaluation of Dholavira: A Harappan City (India), No 1645, for the World Heritage Committee (2021)","u":"https://whc.unesco.org/document/189324"}],"sum":"Ten white shapes lie in a row in the dust, each one about as tall as a school ruler is long. Some are simple strokes and angles; one appears four times. None of them corresponds to any alphabet known today. They were cut from gypsum and baked hard, and for about four thousand years they lay face up in a small stone room beside the north gate of a dead city in western India. They are words, almost certainly. They may be a name. And no one alive can read them.\n\nThe city is Dholavira, on the island of Khadir, in the Indian state of Gujarat. It belongs to the Harappan, or Indus, civilisation, one of the world's earliest urban cultures. UNESCO calls Dholavira the sixth largest of more than 1,000 Harappan sites found so far, a city lived in for over 1,500 years. Its walled area measures about 771 by 617 metres, roughly 47 hectares, the size of sixty or so football pitches, and inside those walls stood a fortified castle and bailey, a ceremonial ground, a middle town and a lower town, each with its place in a plan.\n\nThe dates differ a little by source. UNESCO places the city from the 3rd to the mid-2nd millennium BCE, beginning around 3000 BCE. The Harappa Archaeological Research Project gives occupation from about 2650 BCE, a slow decline after about 2100 BCE, a brief abandonment, and a final phase ending around 1450 BCE. After about 1500 BCE, says ICOMOS, the body that advises UNESCO, nobody lived there again. That is why the ruins are so little disturbed. The landscape has waited, almost untouched, for the people who left it.\n\nWhat they built first and best was a way to survive without rivers. Most Harappan towns stood near flowing water. Dholavira did not. It sat in a dry land, close instead to sources of copper, shell, agate and other raw materials, and so its builders had to catch every drop of rain. They cut reservoirs into the rock. The Harappa project counts at least sixteen, together covering about 10 hectares, a tenth of the walled area. One stepwell measures about 73.4 metres long, 29.3 metres wide and 10 metres deep, longer than an Olympic swimming pool and as deep as a three-storey house, stepped so that people could follow the water down as it fell. The main storm drains in the citadel were tall enough for a man to walk through. This was a city that planned for both drought and flood.\n\nIt also traded far. UNESCO says Dholavira's goods reached Magan, modern Oman, and Mesopotamia, the land of the first cities between the Tigris and Euphrates. Its own sandstone quarry supplied building stone sent to Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, several hundred kilometres away. A cemetery lay to the west, and most of its graves are memorials without bodies, monuments to people whose remains were never placed there.\n\nThe modern story begins in 1968, when the site was discovered. Excavations followed over thirteen field seasons ending in 2005, led by the archaeologist Ravindra Singh Bisht. ICOMOS dates the first season to 1989, the Harappa project to 1990. In 1991, in the western of two raised chambers flanking the north gate of the citadel, a member of the team brushing the floor saw something gleaming white. Over three months the team exposed the ten signs, still in their order. They had once been inlaid in pieces on a wooden board about three metres long. The wood had rotted away, leaving the signs lying where it fell.\n\nTheir size is what startles specialists. Most Indus writing survives on small stamp seals, with signs under a centimetre tall. The Dholavira signs are about 35 to 37 centimetres high by most counts, around 30 by the Indus scholar Asko Parpola's estimate. It is the longest inscription found at any Indus site in India and one of the longest known anywhere. Bisht noticed that the chamber was exactly as wide as the gate passage, and that the board matched it. He concluded that it had once hung above the gate, facing the town below, where everyone entering would see it.\n\nHere a sharper question arises: who puts a sign over a gate, and for whom? A ruler announcing a name. A city declaring its identity to traders arriving from across the desert. Bisht suggested the board might name the city itself, a king or a ruling family. He believed the departing people laid it in the side chamber out of respect. He also took the board, together with seals found throughout the city, as evidence that most people could read, and ICOMOS records hundreds of seals and sealings from the site. A public sign assumes a reading public.\n\nDholavira's society is itself read two ways. UNESCO describes separate residential areas, possibly divided by occupation, and a stratified order. Bisht saw the same seals, beads and pottery in every quarter and thought the city looked more equal than other Indus cities. Both readings stand. ICOMOS adds one more change: in the stage it calls IV, roughly 2500 to 2100 BCE, the city stopped decorating its buildings with coloured clay, which may mean a shift in power or in belief. The great signboard belongs to that same stage.\n\nThen comes the deepest problem. The Indus script has never been deciphered. No bilingual text has been found, nothing like the Rosetta Stone that unlocked Egyptian hieroglyphs. Parpola called the Dholavira board the first example of a monumental inscription but said it did not change the basic understanding of the script. In 2004 three scholars, Steve Farmer, Richard Sproat and Michael Witzel, went much further. They noted that Indus inscriptions are extremely short, seventeen symbols at most on any single surface, and argued that the signs may never have recorded spoken language at all. On the signboard one sign appears four times, and they read it as a symbol of the sun or of power. In 1999 the excavators found a second large text, a stone with four engraved signs, broken off after the fourth, as if a sentence had been cut short.\n\nSo the mainstream picture holds two possibilities in tension. Either Dholavira wrote in a true script that we lack the key to read, or it used a powerful system of symbols that meant something to everyone who saw them without ever spelling out a word. Either way, a civilisation that engineered water across a desert, traded with Mesopotamia and laid out its cities to a plan chose to put its largest signs in public, where they would face every traveller who came through the gate.\n\nThe board is gone now, its wood rotted, its signs lifted from the earth and studied, photographed, counted and compared. The north gate still stands open to the plain. Somewhere in the ten shapes, the strokes and angles and the repeated sign that may be the sun, is the first thing a visitor to Dholavira was meant to understand. For four thousand years it has been waiting for a reader who knows the language.","qs":["What would ten signs tell us if we could read them?","A sign above a city gate suggests many people could read it. What does that imply about literacy in the Indus cities?","If the Indus signs were not a full writing system, what else could they be?"],"gal":[{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DHOLAVIRA_SITE_%2824%29.jpg/1280px-DHOLAVIRA_SITE_%2824%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DHOLAVIRA_SITE_(24).jpg","title":"DHOLAVIRA SITE (24).jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","by":"Lalit Gajjer","cap":"Dholavira in Gujarat, India, is one of the largest cities of Indus Valley Civilisation, with stepwell steps to reach the water level in artificially constructed"},{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Cicular_houses_Dholavira.jpg/1280px-Cicular_houses_Dholavira.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cicular_houses_Dholavira.jpg","title":"Cicular houses Dholavira.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","by":"Prof Ranga Sai","cap":"Circular houses with central support are characteristic of Dholavira. Local village houses called bhungas (Gujarati) and similarly shaped. Dholavira is an archa"},{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Dholavira-1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dholavira-1.jpg","title":"Dholavira-1.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","by":"Rahul Zota","cap":"Dholavira is an archaeological site in Kutch district, India. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most prominent archaeological sites in India belo"},{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Dholavira.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dholavira.jpg","title":"Dholavira.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","by":"Rahul Zota","cap":"Dholavira is an archaeological site in Kutch district, India. It is one of the five largest Harappan sites and most prominent archaeological sites in India belo"},{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Nalanda_University_India_ruins.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nalanda_University_India_ruins.jpg","title":"Nalanda University India ruins.jpg","lic":"CC BY 2.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","by":"Unknown","cap":"","alt":"Dholavira: Nalanda University India ruins"}]},"img":null,"md":null,"hh":[{"v":"22","u":"ha","h":"A planned rectangular Harappan city, thought older than Lothal","s":[60]},{"v":"Basalt","h":"Made of: Basalt, clay, limestone, quartz, sandstone","s":[60]}],"hs":{"60":["Wikipedia: Dholavira (and sources cited there)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dholavira"]},"lh":{"s":"img/h/ASI-006.webp","w":1280,"h":853,"o":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/DHOLAVIRA_SITE_%2824%29.jpg/1280px-DHOLAVIRA_SITE_%2824%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail"}}