{"it":{"id":"GUN-PAD","kind":"site","sub":"Asia","name":"Gunung Padang","place":"Indonesia","lat":-6.994,"lon":107.056,"date":"Mainstream: terraces 2nd-8th c. CE (Yondri; Simanjuntak). Natawidjaja et al. 2023 claim…","mat":"Andesite columnar joints (natural) on extinct volcano","nfacts":17,"tags":["Asia"],"sum":"In 2023 a paper claimed that Gunung Padang in West Java began as a building more than 20,000 years ago. In March 2024 Wiley and the journal's editors retracted it: the radiocarbon dates came from soil samples “not associated with any artifacts or features that could be reliably interpreted as anthropogenic”, so the reading of an ancient pyramid built 9,000 or more years ago was incorrect. The authors disagree with the retraction.\n\nArchaeologists who have excavated the stone terraces, built from natural columns of andesite on an extinct volcano, date them to about 2,000 years ago; charcoal under the terraces gave roughly 117 to 45 BCE (Lutfi Yondri).","why":"A terraced hilltop in Java whose claimed Ice Age date was retracted.","src":[272],"nsrc":3,"yt":"What evidence would convince you?","rel":["YON-MON","GOB-TEP"],"hook":"A 2023 paper dated a buried structure at Gunung Padang to 25,000 BCE. In March 2024 it was retracted."},"S":{"272":["Wikipedia: Gunung Padang","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Padang"]},"rec":{"id":"GUN-PAD","alias":[],"ms":[{"f":"archaeological site located in Karyamukti West Java Indonesia","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"50","u":"km","o":"Gunung Padang is an archaeological site located in Karyamukti, West Java, Indonesia, 50 km southwest of Cianjur.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1565"},{"f":"Located at","a":"elevation","v":"885","u":"m","o":"Located at 885 m above sea level, the site covers a hill—an extinct volcano—in a series of five terraces bordered by retaining walls of stone that are accessed by 370 successive andesite steps rising about 95 m.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1566"},{"f":"accessed by 370 successive andesite steps rising about","a":"height","v":"95","u":"m","o":"Located at 885 m above sea level, the site covers a hill—an extinct volcano—in a series of five terraces bordered by retaining walls of stone that are accessed by 370 successive andesite steps rising about 95 m.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1567"},{"f":"central stairway with 370 steps an inclination of","a":"angle","v":"45","u":"degrees","o":"Access to the complex is provided by a central stairway with 370 steps, an inclination of 45 degrees, and a length of 110 m.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1568"},{"f":"inclination of 45 degrees and a length of","a":"length","v":"110","u":"m","o":"Access to the complex is provided by a central stairway with 370 steps, an inclination of 45 degrees, and a length of 110 m.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1569"},{"f":"consists of steep-sided hills with an altitude of","a":"elevation","v":"800-1200","u":"m","o":"The Gunung Padang region consists of steep-sided hills with an altitude of 800 – 1200 m above sea level.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1570"},{"f":"in shape and symmetry and in length from","a":"length","v":"1-3","u":"m","o":"This consists of andesite porphyry exhibiting well-developed columnar jointing, which forms trigonal to hexagonal stone columns that vary in shape and symmetry and in length from 1 - 3 m.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1571"},{"f":"a National Site Area covering a total of","a":"area","v":"29","u":"ha","o":"At the end of June 2014, the ministry declared Gunung Padang a National Site Area, covering a total of 29 ha.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1572"},{"f":"site chronology","a":"dating (as stated)","v":"In March 2024, the publisher of Archaeological Prospection, Wiley, and th","u":"","o":"In March 2024, the publisher of Archaeological Prospection, Wiley, and the editors, retracted that paper, stating that:...the radiocarbon dating was applied to soil samples that were not associated with any artifacts or features that could be reliably interpreted as anthropogenic or \"man-made\".","unc":"","by":"per cited source","yr":"","m":"documentary: auto-extracted sentence","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1380618730 (tertiary)","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M1573"},{"f":"terraces T1-T5","a":"dimensions","v":"T1 30x40; T2 20x25; T3 18x18; T4 17x17; T5 15x18","u":"m","o":"","unc":"","by":"Natawidjaja et al. (RETRACTED 2024)","yr":"2023","m":"as stated","c":"Natawidjaja et al. (RETRACTED 2024)","pg":"","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1912","b":"S","bb":"paper retracted for dating, dimensions not the reason","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"9 m ramp T1-T2; columnar basaltic-andesite (natural jointing)","id":"M2707"},{"f":"site","a":"elevation","v":"885","u":"m","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"as stated","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M3411"},{"f":"terraces","a":"count","v":"5","u":"count","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"as stated","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M3412"},{"f":"steps","a":"count / rise","v":"370 andesite steps; ~95 m","u":"count/m","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"as stated","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M3413"},{"f":"site","a":"age (Yondri)","v":"2nd-5th c CE","u":"text","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"derived","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M3414"},{"f":"site","a":"age (Simanjuntak)","v":"6th-8th c CE","u":"text","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"derived","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M3415"},{"f":"Natawidjaja 2023 Archaeological Prospection","a":"claim","v":"oldest pyramid, up to ~27,000 yr","u":"text","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"derived","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M3416"},{"f":"Natawidjaja 2023","a":"status","v":"RETRACTED Mar 2024 by Wiley/editors: 14C on soil not associated with artifacts/human activity","u":"text","o":"","unc":"","by":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","yr":"2026","m":"as stated","c":"Wikipedia Gunung Padang","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"S","bb":"","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M3417"}],"lab":[{"k":"Materials","mat":"Soil cores","m":"radiocarbon","v":"Old dates on soils NOT tied to artifacts -> retracted","by":"Natawidjaja et al. 2023","b":"I","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1912"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"Located at 885 m above sea level, the site covers a hill—an extinct volcano—in a series of five terraces bordered by retaining walls of stone that are accessed by 370 successive andesite steps rising about 95 m.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"According to the Cianjur geological map by Sujatmiko, the bedrock of the Gunung Padang area consist of basaltic andesite volcanic rocks regionally classified as the Tuffaceous Breccia, Lava, Sandstone, and Conglomerate.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"According to the Cianjur geological map by Sujatmiko, the bedrock of the Gunung Padang area consist of basaltic andesite volcanic rocks regionally classified as the Tuffaceous Breccia, Lava, Sandstone, and Conglomerate.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"These volcanic rocks, which have been hydrothermally altered to quartz, pyrite, and kaolinite, are part of the deeply eroded Karyamukti composite paleovolcano.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730"}],"eng":[],"ori":[],"gaps":[],"dat":[],"aa":[{"id":"AA014","a":"27,000-yr pyramid","who":"Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Danny Hilman Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Graham Hancock","main":"paper retracted 2024","ms":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1932 ; https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","st":"contradicted","n":"","nl":5},{"id":"AA056","a":"27,000-yr pyramid","who":"Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Danny Hilman Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Graham Hancock","main":"natural volcanic hill, terraced 1st mill. CE","ms":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1932 ; https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","st":"contradicted","n":"Natawidjaja 2023 retracted Mar 2024 (Wiley)","nl":11}],"ac":[{"v":"World's oldest pyramid (27,000 yrs)","who":"Natawidjaja et al. 2023","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1912","b":"I","ce":"Paper retracted March 2024: dated soils not linked to human activity"},{"v":"Buried pyramid built from ~25,000-14,000 BCE","who":"Natawidjaja et al. 2023","url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1912","b":"I","ce":"Paper retracted 2024: 14C on soil not linked to human features; columnar andesite is natural jointing"},{"v":"Gunung Padang is a ~27,000-yr-old pyramid (lost civilisation)","who":"Danny Hilman Natawidjaja et al. 2023; Graham Hancock","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730","b":"I","ce":"paper retracted Mar 2024: dated soil not linked to human activity"}],"me":[{"v":"Megalithic terraces built on a natural volcanic hill, likely last ~2 millennia","ev":"Retraction notice","s":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1932"},{"v":"natural volcanic hill (andesite columnar jointing) terraced c.1st millennium CE","ev":"Wiley/Archaeological Prospection retraction 2024; Yondri","s":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730"}],"ci":[],"cq":[],"sd":[],"sub":[],"site":{"age":"Mainstream: terraces 2nd-8th c. CE (Yondri; Simanjuntak). Natawidjaja et al. 2023 claim of 27,000 yrs RETRACTED 2024","dm":"Radiocarbon of soils (retracted paper); pottery","lab":"mentions lab dating of associated material (not the stone itself)","weak":"date applies to the sampled organic/associated material, not the stone; association with construction is assumed","unesco":"","dens":"STUB"},"co":{"lat":"-6.9937","lon":"107.0563","src":"Wikidata P625 only + curated wave0 value agrees","agree":"agree (wave7 hand-review: OSM feature 'Situs Gunung Padang')","b":"V","note":"hand-reviewed: Wikidata vs OSM historic/archaeological_site delta 0.0003 deg (~0.04 km)","osm":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/502699242"},"src":[{"id":"S0307","t":"no inline ref in article","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gunung_Padang&oldid=1380618730"},{"id":"S0040","t":"Natawidjaja et al. (RETRACTED 2024)","u":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.1912"},{"id":"S0493","t":"Wikipedia: Gunung Padang","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Padang"},{"id":"VGUN-PAD-4","t":"Archaeological Prospection (2024): Retraction notice for Natawidjaja et al. 2023 (archived)","u":"https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/arp.1932"},{"id":"VGUN-PAD-5","t":"Natawidjaja et al. 2023, Geo-archaeological prospecting of Gunung Padang (Archaeological Prospection; retracted 2024, archived)","u":"https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/arp.1912"},{"id":null,"t":"Times Higher Education, Paper claiming ‘world’s oldest pyramid’ retracted over ‘error’ (Jack Grove, 2024)","u":"https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/paper-claiming-worlds-oldest-pyramid-retracted-over-error"},{"id":null,"t":"Southeast Asian Archaeology (Noel Hidalgo Tan), Retracted: Controversial Gunung Padang cannot be “reliably interpreted”, 19 March 2024","u":"https://www.southeastasianarchaeology.com/2024/03/19/retracted-controversial-gunung-padang-cannot-be-reliably-interpreted/"}],"sum":"The Sundanese people of West Java tell a story about this hill. King Siliwangi, they say, set out to build a palace here in a single night. What remains on the summit, in their telling, is the work of that one night: long, many-sided stones, stacked into walls and set upright as posts, climbing in terraces toward the sky. The Sundanese hold the place sacred. Its name, Gunung Padang, is usually translated as \"mountain of enlightenment,\" and it has long been used for religious rites.\n\nThe hill lies in Karyamukti, about 50 kilometres southwest of the town of Cianjur, at 885 metres above sea level. It is the top of an extinct volcano. On it sit five terraces, one rectangular and four trapezoidal, rising one above another along a northwest to southeast line and growing smaller as they climb. The largest measures about 30 by 40 metres, the smallest about 15 by 18. A central stairway of 370 andesite steps, set at an angle of 45 degrees and some 110 metres long, rises about 95 metres to reach them. The terraces are true platforms, made by cutting down high spots and filling in hollows until the surface was flat, and their edges are held by retaining walls of stone columns, some laid horizontally, some stood on end.\n\nThose columns are the first marvel and the first key. They are andesite, a volcanic rock, and they formed naturally. When the molten rock at the heart of the old volcano cooled, it cracked into long prisms with three to six sides, each between one and three metres long. Whoever built Gunung Padang found a hill full of ready-made building blocks. The genius of the place lies in the arranging.\n\nEuropeans noticed it early. Dutch records describe the site from the 1890s, and the archaeologist Nicolaas Johannes Krom mentioned it in a 1914 report of the Dutch antiquities service. Then it was largely forgotten until 1979, when local farmers came upon it again. Indonesian archaeologists and officials took it up, research and restoration followed through the 1980s, and in June 2014 the government declared it a National Site Area covering 29 hectares.\n\nThe story of who wanted what at Gunung Padang is a modern one, and it is a story about power. The geologist Danny Hilman Natawidjaja argued that the terraces were only the top of something far older: a giant buried pyramid, built thousands of years before any known civilisation. The idea won the attention of Indonesia's president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who set up a task force. A politician from his party joined in. Thirty-four Indonesian archaeologists and geologists signed a petition questioning the team's motives and methods, and one archaeologist, declining to be named because the president was involved, described the problem with the method in plain words: \"they 'found' something, carbon-dated it, then it looks like they created a civilisation around the period to explain their finding.\"\n\nOn 20 October 2023 Natawidjaja and his colleagues published their case in the journal Archaeological Prospection. They wrote that the hill concealed layered construction 20 to 30 metres deep, with hidden chambers, and that its oldest part was built between 25,000 and 14,000 BCE and buried between 7900 and 6100 BCE. Press reports put the claim at up to 27,000 years, which would have made it by far the oldest built structure on Earth. Graham Hancock, who was thanked in the paper for proofreading, featured the site in his Netflix series Ancient Apocalypse. The claim spread fast.\n\nFive months later it fell. On 18 March 2024 the publisher, Wiley, and the journal's editors retracted the paper. Experts in geophysics, archaeology and radiocarbon dating had raised concerns, and the notice identified \"a major error\" missed in peer review: the radiocarbon dates came from soil samples \"not associated with any artifacts or features that could be reliably interpreted as anthropogenic or 'man-made.'\" The interpretation that the site is a pyramid built 9,000 or more years ago was therefore incorrect. All of the authors disagreed; Natawidjaja called the retraction \"unjust\" and based on \"unfounded claims.\"\n\nThe principle behind the retraction is worth understanding, because it applies everywhere. Radiocarbon dates the death of the plant or animal matter sampled, not the stones beside it. Soil deep inside a hill can be very old without anyone having built anything around it. The archaeologist Flint Dibble said the paper showed no evidence of human activity in the deep Ice Age layers. Geology adds its own cautions. The summit of the hill partly collapsed in the Late Pleistocene, before the site was made, leaving landslide deposits that tilted columns along the slopes. Clay crusts on some columns, once taken for man-made mortar, are natural weathering rinds.\n\nThe mainstream dates are far younger, though they do not agree with each other. Lutfi Yondri, an archaeologist from the bureau of archaeology in Bandung who has excavated at the site, dates charcoal under the terraces to roughly 117 to 45 BCE, and has estimated the building between the second and fifth centuries CE. Pottery fragments have been dated between 45 BCE and 22 CE. Harry Truman Simanjuntak has suggested a later date still, in the sixth to eighth centuries CE. On this view Gunung Padang is a terraced sanctuary built into a natural hill, perhaps two thousand years old.\n\nAnd yet the honest position is narrower than either camp's slogan. The retraction removed a claim; it did not supply a full chronology. The visible terraces have been dated by different scholars to periods several centuries apart. How old each phase of the arranging is, terrace by terrace, remains unsettled, and so does the purpose of the terraces beyond their long life as a place of ritual. What is beyond doubt is the scale of human intention here: an entire volcanic summit levelled, walled and stepped, using stones that nature had already cut.\n\nThere is a reason the hill keeps pulling at the imagination, and it is not the retracted date. It is the sight of the place itself. A long stair of andesite climbs 95 metres up the old volcano, and on the summit the many-sided columns stand in walls and rows, as if a builder had found the earth's own masonry waiting and simply picked it up.","qs":["The paper was retracted because its dated soils showed no human activity. Fair correction, or a door shut too fast?","How do you date stones that nature shaped and people arranged?","Why do the Sundanese hold the hill sacred?"],"gal":[{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Situs_Megalitikum_Gunung_Padang_Cianjur.jpg/1280px-Situs_Megalitikum_Gunung_Padang_Cianjur.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Situs_Megalitikum_Gunung_Padang_Cianjur.jpg","title":"Situs Megalitikum Gunung Padang Cianjur.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 4.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0","by":"RaiyaniM","cap":"Situs Gunung Padang merupakan situs prasejarah peninggalan kebudayaan Megalitikum di Jawa Barat. Tepatnya berada di perbatasan Dusun Gunungpadang dan Panggulan,"},{"src":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Gunung_Padang_Site.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gunung_Padang_Site.jpg","title":"Gunung Padang Site.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","by":"Mohammad Fadli","cap":"Taken from Gunung Padang Megalith Site, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia"}]},"img":null,"md":null,"hh":[{"v":"Retracted","h":"A paper dating it to 27,000 years ago was retracted by its publisher in March 2024","s":[28]},{"v":"45 BCE–22 CE","h":"Date range of pottery fragments found at the site","s":[28]}],"hs":{"28":["Wikipedia: Gunung Padang (and sources cited there)","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Padang"]},"lh":{"s":"img/h/GUN-PAD.webp","w":1280,"h":850,"o":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Situs_Megalitikum_Gunung_Padang_Cianjur.jpg/1280px-Situs_Megalitikum_Gunung_Padang_Cianjur.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail"}}