{"it":{"id":"LEV-009","kind":"site","sub":"Levant and Anatolia","name":"Tower of Jericho","place":"West Bank","lat":31.871,"lon":35.444,"date":"The Tower of Jericho (Arabic: برج أريحا) is an 8.5-metre-tall (28 ft) stone structure…","nfacts":4,"tags":["Near East"],"sum":"Some 10,000 years ago, before pottery or metal, people at Jericho built a stone tower 8.5 m tall and almost 9 m across at its base, with a staircase of 22 steps inside.\n\nAround 8000 BCE, before pottery and before metal, the people of Jericho built a stone wall over 3.6 m high around their town, and inside it a stone tower more than 8.5 m tall with a staircase running through its core.","why":"It may be the oldest tower on Earth, and its staircase seems to point at the midsummer sunset.","src":[327,401,583],"nsrc":3,"yt":"The tower lines up with the solstice sunset. Is that strong evidence of intent, or could a staircase facing a nearby mountain line up by chance?","rel":["GOB-TEP"],"hook":"At midsummer sunset a mountain's shadow falls on the 8.5 m Tower of Jericho, then on the village.","mat":"clay;earth;limestone;mudbrick"},"S":{"327":["Wikipedia: Jericho","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho"],"401":["Wikipedia: Tower of Jericho","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Jericho"],"583":["Barkai & Liran 2011, Casting a shadow on Neolithic Jericho, Antiquity project gallery","https://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/barkai327"]},"rec":{"id":"LEV-009","alias":["LEV-003"],"ms":[{"f":"The Tower of Jericho is an","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"8.5","u":"m","o":"The Tower of Jericho () is an 8.5 m stone structure built in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period around 8000 BC.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Jericho&oldid=1372745626","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1372745626 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1637"},{"f":"Conical in shape the tower is almost","a":"diameter","v":"9","u":"m","o":"Conical in shape, the tower is almost 9 m in diameter at the base, decreasing to 7 m at the top with walls approximately 1.5 m thick.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Jericho&oldid=1372745626","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1372745626 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1638"},{"f":"m in diameter at the base decreasing to","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"7","u":"m","o":"Conical in shape, the tower is almost 9 m in diameter at the base, decreasing to 7 m at the top with walls approximately 1.5 m thick.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Jericho&oldid=1372745626","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1372745626 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1639"},{"f":"7 m at the top with walls approximately","a":"thickness","v":"1.5","u":"m","o":"Conical in shape, the tower is almost 9 m in diameter at the base, decreasing to 7 m at the top with walls approximately 1.5 m thick.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Jericho&oldid=1372745626","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1372745626 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1640"},{"f":"Each house measured about","a":"diameter","v":"5","u":"m","o":"Each house measured about 5 m across and was roofed with mud-smeared brush.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1588"},{"f":"The site is a","a":"area","v":"40000","u":"m2","o":"The site is a 40000 m2 settlement surrounded by a massive stone wall over 3.6 m high and 1.8 m wide at the base, inside of which stood a stone tower, over 8.5 m high, containing an internal staircase with 22 stone steps REF26 and placed in the centre of the west side of the tell.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1589"},{"f":"settlement surrounded by a massive stone wall over","a":"height","v":"3.6","u":"m","o":"The site is a 40000 m2 settlement surrounded by a massive stone wall over 3.6 m high and 1.8 m wide at the base, inside of which stood a stone tower, over 8.5 m high, containing an internal staircase with 22 stone steps REF26 and placed in the centre of the west side of the tell.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1590"},{"f":"stone wall over 3 6 m high and","a":"width","v":"1.8","u":"m","o":"The site is a 40000 m2 settlement surrounded by a massive stone wall over 3.6 m high and 1.8 m wide at the base, inside of which stood a stone tower, over 8.5 m high, containing an internal staircase with 22 stone steps REF26 and placed in the centre of the west side of the tell.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1591"},{"f":"inside of which stood a stone tower over","a":"height","v":"8.5","u":"m","o":"The site is a 40000 m2 settlement surrounded by a massive stone wall over 3.6 m high and 1.8 m wide at the base, inside of which stood a stone tower, over 8.5 m high, containing an internal staircase with 22 stone steps REF26 and placed in the centre of the west side of the tell.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1592"},{"f":"site chronology","a":"dating (as stated)","v":"The PPNB was a period of about 1","u":"","o":"The PPNB was a period of about 1.4 millennia, from 7220 to 5850 BCE (though carbon-14-dates are few and early).","unc":"","by":"per cited source","yr":"","m":"documentary: auto-extracted sentence","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary)","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M1593"},{"f":"abandoned and a Byzantine Jericho Ericha was built","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"1600","u":"metres","o":"Shortly thereafter the built-up area of the town was abandoned and a Byzantine Jericho, Ericha, was built 1600 metres (1 mi) to the east, on which the modern town is centered.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1594"},{"f":"discovered just north of the Byzantine-era settlement and","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"500","u":"meters","o":"In late antiquity, Jericho also hosted a Jewish community whose presence is attested by the Jericho synagogue, also known as the \"Shalom 'al Yisrael\" synagogue, discovered just north of the Byzantine-era settlement, and 500 meters northeast of Tell el-Sultan.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1595"},{"f":"George of Koziba at its original site","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"10","u":"km","o":"George of Koziba, at its original site 10 km (6 mi) from the center of town.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1596"},{"f":"A","a":"depth","v":"2","u":"m","o":"A 2 m deep trench was built around a large part of the city to control Palestinian traffic to and from Jericho.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1597"},{"f":"Jericho is located","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"258","u":"m","o":"Jericho is located 258 m below sea level in an oasis in Wadi Qelt in the Jordan Valley, which makes it the lowest city in the world.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1598"},{"f":"A","a":"area","v":"3500","u":"ha","o":"A 3,500 ha site encompassing the city of Jericho and its immediate surrounds has been recognised as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of black francolins, lanner falcons, lesser kestrels, and Dead Sea sparrows.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1599"},{"f":"Annual rainfall is","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"204","u":"mm","o":"Annual rainfall is 204 mm, mostly concentrated in the winter months and into early spring.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1382290279 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M1600"}],"lab":[{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"Other finds included flints, such as arrowheads (tanged or side-notched), finely denticulated sickle-blades, burins, scrapers, a few tranchet axes, obsidian, and green obsidian from an unknown source.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"Other items discovered included dishes and bowls carved from soft limestone, spindle whorls made of stone and possible loom weights, spatulae and drills, stylised anthropomorphic plaster figures, almost life-size, anthropomorphic and theriomorphic clay figurines, as well as shell and malachite beads.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279"},{"k":"Materials","mat":"site material (as stated in article)","m":"documentary mention (Wikipedia, auto-extracted)","v":"Decades after the destruction of the Middle Bronze Age city, it recovered again on a smaller scale during the Late Bronze Age (1450–1200 BC), with the previous Middle Bronze city wall being refurbished by adding a mudbrick wall on top of its emerging crest.","by":"no inline ref in article","b":"S","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279"}],"eng":[],"ori":[],"gaps":[],"dat":[],"aa":[],"ac":[],"me":[],"ci":[],"cq":[],"sd":[],"sub":[],"site":{"age":"The Tower of Jericho (Arabic: برج أريحا) is an 8.5-metre-tall (28 ft) stone structure built in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period around 8000 BC.","dm":"[see dating_excerpt; method not extracted]","lab":"NO: inference only (style/context/king list/textual)","weak":"no direct lab result on the structure in our records; date from stylistic, contextual or textual inference","unesco":"","dens":"CENSUS"},"co":{"lat":"31.8708","lon":"35.4439","src":"Wikidata P625 only","agree":"agree (wave7 hand-review: OSM feature 'Tell es-Sultan')","b":"V","note":"hand-reviewed: Wikidata vs OSM historic/archaeological_site delta 0.0001 deg (~0.01 km)","osm":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/458057319"},"src":[{"id":"S0401","t":"no inline ref in article","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tower_of_Jericho&oldid=1372745626"},{"id":"S0623","t":"Wikipedia: Tower of Jericho","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Jericho"},{"id":"S0313","t":"no inline ref in article","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jericho&oldid=1382290279"},{"id":"S0502","t":"Wikipedia: Jericho","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho"},{"id":"S2584","t":"Barkai & Liran 2011, Casting a shadow on Neolithic Jericho, Antiquity project gallery","u":"https://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/barkai327"},{"id":"VLEV-009-6","t":"Antiquity Project Gallery: Barkai, 327","u":"https://www.antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/barkai327"},{"id":"VLEV-009-7","t":"Current Anthropology (DOI 10.1086/203413)","u":"https://doi.org/10.1086/203413"},{"id":"VLEV-009-8","t":"UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan","u":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1687/"},{"id":null,"t":"Bryant G. Wood, “Did the Israelites Conquer Jericho? A New Look at the Archaeological Evidence,” Biblical Archaeology Review 16, no. 2 (1990): 44–58, reposted by Associates for Biblical Research.","u":"https://biblearchaeology.org/research-articles/did-the-israelites-conquer-jericho-a-new-look-at-the-archaeological-evidence/"},{"id":null,"t":"Hendrik J. Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht, “Tell es-Sultan (Jericho): Radiocarbon Results of Short-Lived Cereal and Multiyear Charcoal Samples from the End of the Middle Bronze Age,” Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 213–220, abstract.","u":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radiocarbon/article/tell-essultan-jericho-radiocarbon-results-of-shortlived-cereal-and-multiyear-charcoal-samples-from-the-end-of-the-middle-bronze-age/49BF732173E7890A2B0EC1B21CB6A817"},{"id":null,"t":"Joshua 6, King James Version (public domain), BibleGateway.","u":"https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Joshua%206&version=KJV"},{"id":null,"t":"Karl Baedeker, Palestine and Syria: Handbook for Travellers (Leipzig, 1906), p. 128. Internet Archive.","u":"https://archive.org/details/palestinesyriawi1906baed"}],"sum":"Among the flints and tools dug out of the ancient mound at Jericho, among the arrowheads, sickle blades, scrapers and axes, there are pieces of obsidian, the black volcanic glass that early peoples prized for its razor edge. Some of it is green. Its source, according to the record of finds, is unknown. Someone carried it here, or traded for it, from a place no one has yet identified. It is a small fact, but it sets the tone. At Jericho, even the stones have travelled farther than we can follow.\n\nThe mound is Tell es-Sultan, beside modern Jericho in the West Bank, next to the perennial spring of 'Ain es-Sultan. UNESCO describes it as an oval mound whose deposits go back to about 10,500 BC, and whose stratigraphy \"shows twenty-nine phases of occupation.\" Twenty-nine times, people came back to this spring and built again. By the ninth to eighth millennium BC, UNESCO says, Jericho was \"a sizeable permanent settlement,\" with \"a wall with a ditch and a tower.\"\n\nThat tower is the reason the world's archaeologists keep returning. It is a cone of undressed stone about 8.5 metres tall by most accounts, or 8.25 metres in the measurements of the Tel Aviv archaeologists Roy Liran and Ran Barkai, roughly the height of a three-storey house. It is almost 9 metres across at the base, narrowing to about 7 at the top, with walls about 1.5 metres thick. Inside, a staircase of 22 steps runs up through its core, and it was plastered inside and out. It stands on the western edge of the site and joins a perimeter wall that Ofer Bar-Yosef, working from Kathleen Kenyon's records, gives as over 3.6 metres high and 1.8 metres wide. The tower is usually dated to around 8000 BC; Liran and Barkai put it at some 11,000 years ago. Either way, it was built before pottery and before metal, by people who had only just begun to farm. It may be the oldest tower on Earth.\n\nIts discovery is a story about expectations. In the 1930s John Garstang found walls at Jericho and tied them to the Book of Joshua, where the wall of the city \"fell down flat.\" Kathleen Kenyon, digging from 1952 to 1958, found the tower and showed that it and the earliest wall were thousands of years older than any biblical story. No burials were found inside, so it was not a tomb. Around it UNESCO notes \"evidence of post-mortem treatment of skulls,\" the plastered skulls of the Neolithic dead, and the finds include stylised plaster figures almost life-size. These were people who kept their ancestors close and gave them faces.\n\nWhat was the tower for? The list of readings is long. Liran and Barkai summarise them: it \"has been interpreted as a fortification, an anti-flooding system, a ritual centre and a political symbol.\" Kenyon read the wall as a town defence. In Current Anthropology in 1986, Bar-Yosef proposed instead that the walls went up in stages against floods and mudflows from the slope above the spring. Both readings are reasonable, and both run into the same question. At this early date, no one knows who the enemy would have been.\n\nThen, in 2011, Liran and Barkai published a third reading in the journal Antiquity, and it turned toward the sky. The staircase, they found, points at the summit of a mountain west of the town, the peak called Quruntul, named in Baedeker's 1906 guide as Jebel Karantal, a name taken from the Latin Quarantana. Tower, stair and mountain share an azimuth of 290 degrees, which is where the sun sets at the summer solstice. The peak lies about 1,300 metres from the tower and about 350 metres above it. Their computer model shows that on the evening of the longest day, at about 18:25, the sun, the peak and the tower \"become perfectly aligned,\" and the mountain's shadow falls first on the tower and then spreads over the village. The tower, they wrote, was placed \"exactly where the darkness began to shade the settlement on the summer solstice.\"\n\nHere the political layer becomes explicit, because it is Liran and Barkai's own conclusion. They call the tower an \"edifice of power,\" meant to draw people into a community, and perhaps \"the first concrete evidence of organised civic manipulation.\" Imagine it. Once a year, at the moment the sun touched the mountain, darkness poured down the slope and swallowed the tower first. Whoever stood on that tower, or controlled the meaning of that moment, could present the shadow as a sign, a threat or a protection. A monument that predicts the sky gives its keepers a kind of authority that no wall can.\n\nThe limits are clear, and the authors state them. The shadow is a simulation in Google SketchUp, not a dated observation. They \"suggest\" their reading and say they do not know \"who conceived this most ancient tower\" or how \"so many were mobilised\" to build it. The 290-degree azimuth is a measured fact. Whether the builders meant it is an inference no inscription can confirm. Defence, flood control, display and calendar need not exclude one another; a single structure can do several jobs at once.\n\nThe later history of the mound only deepens the layering. In the Middle Bronze Age a \"large Canaanite city-state\" stood here with innovative ramparts. In 1990 Bryant G. Wood argued in Biblical Archaeology Review that its destruction came about 1400 BC, matching the conquest in Joshua; he pointed to fallen red bricks heaped against the revetment wall and burnt rooms full of grain. Hendrik Bruins and Johannes van der Plicht later dated 18 samples from Kenyon's dig, including short-lived cereal grains, and placed the destruction in \"the late 17th or the 16th century bc,\" close to Kenyon's date of about 1550 BC. The radiocarbon dates the event. It does not say who or what caused it.\n\nSo the oldest puzzle at Jericho is not the one most people know. It is a stone tower raised by early farmers ten thousand years ago or more, with a staircase that points at a mountain and a line that runs to the solstice sunset. Its builders had no writing to explain themselves. They knew the sun's yearly path well enough, if Liran and Barkai are right, to set a building in its shadow on the one evening that mattered. And the mound's deep layers, UNESCO says, have \"the potential to answer many questions.\"\n\nIf a village at the dawn of farming could fix the solstice so precisely in stone, how long had people been watching that horizon before the first block was laid?","qs":["The tower lines up with the solstice sunset. Is that strong evidence of intent, or could a staircase facing a nearby mountain line up by chance?","With no known enemies at the time, what else could have driven a village to build a wall and a tower?"],"gal":[{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ziko.jpg/1280px-Ziko.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ziko.jpg","title":"Ziko.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","by":"Salamandra123","cap":"Tel Essultan site"},{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Model_of_the_round_tower_in_Jericho_%282%29.JPG/1280px-Model_of_the_round_tower_in_Jericho_%282%29.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Model_of_the_round_tower_in_Jericho_(2).JPG","title":"Model of the round tower in Jericho (2).JPG","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","by":"Hanay","cap":"Moshe Stekelis Museum of Prehistory exhibition. 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