{"it":{"id":"NAM-011","kind":"site","sub":"North America","name":"Poverty Point","place":"United States","lat":32.637,"lon":-91.411,"date":"The Poverty Point site contains earthen ridges and mounds, built by indigenous people…","mat":"clay;earth","nfacts":64,"tags":["North America"],"sum":"More than 3,000 years ago, people in northeast Louisiana built the huge earthworks of Poverty Point. They lived mainly by hunting, fishing and gathering, not farming.","why":"One of North America's largest earthworks was built by people who did not farm.","src":[375],"nsrc":2,"yt":"What else did we get wrong about hunter-gatherers?","rel":["GOB-TEP","NAM-003"],"hook":"Hunter-gatherers in Louisiana built six earthen ridges 1.14 km across, 3,700 years ago."},"S":{"375":["Wikipedia: Poverty Point","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_Point"]},"rec":{"id":"NAM-011","alias":[],"ms":[{"f":"The 402-acre","a":"area","v":"163","u":"ha","o":"The 402-acre (163 ha) property now operated as the Poverty Point State Historic Site REF4 contains \"the largest and most complex Late Archaic earthwork occupation and ceremonial site yet found in North America\".","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2171"},{"f":"The earthworks core of the site measures about","a":"area","v":"345","u":"acres","o":"The earthworks core of the site measures about 345 acres (140 ha), although archaeological investigations have shown that the total occupation area extended for more than three miles (5 km) along the Bayou Macon.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2172"},{"f":"core of the site measures about 345 acres","a":"area","v":"140","u":"ha","o":"The earthworks core of the site measures about 345 acres (140 ha), although archaeological investigations have shown that the total occupation area extended for more than three miles (5 km) along the Bayou Macon.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2173"},{"f":"occupation area extended for more than three miles","a":"length","v":"5","u":"km","o":"The earthworks core of the site measures about 345 acres (140 ha), although archaeological investigations have shown that the total occupation area extended for more than three miles (5 km) along the Bayou Macon.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2174"},{"f":"Today the ridges vary from","a":"height","v":"0.3-6","u":"ft","o":"Today the ridges vary from 0.3 to 6 ft (10 –185 cm) in height relative to the adjacent swales.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2175"},{"f":"vary from 0 3 to 6 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"10-185","u":"cm","o":"Today the ridges vary from 0.3 to 6 ft (10 –185 cm) in height relative to the adjacent swales.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2176"},{"f":"slightly rounded crest of each ridge varies from","a":"width","v":"50-80","u":"ft","o":"The slightly rounded crest of each ridge varies from 50 – 80 ft (15–25 m) in width.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2177"},{"f":"each ridge varies from 50 80 nbsp ft","a":"width","v":"15-25","u":"m","o":"The slightly rounded crest of each ridge varies from 50 – 80 ft (15–25 m) in width.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2178"},{"f":"The width of the intervening swales is","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"65-100","u":"ft","o":"The width of the intervening swales is 65 – 100 ft (20 – 30 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2179"},{"f":"the intervening swales is 65 100 nbsp ft","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"20-30","u":"m","o":"The width of the intervening swales is 65 – 100 ft (20 – 30 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2180"},{"f":"the outside ridge is three-quarters of a mile","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"1.2","u":"km","o":"The approximate diameter of the outside ridge is three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km), while the innermost ridge's diameter is about three-eighths of a mile (0.6 km).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2181"},{"f":"ridge's diameter is about three-eighths of a mile","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"0.6","u":"km","o":"The approximate diameter of the outside ridge is three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km), while the innermost ridge's diameter is about three-eighths of a mile (0.6 km).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2182"},{"f":"site chronology","a":"dating (as stated)","v":"es suggest that most of the ridges were constructed between 1600 and 1300 BCE","u":"","o":"Radiocarbon dates suggest that most of the ridges were constructed between 1600 and 1300 BCE.","unc":"","by":"per cited source","yr":"","m":"documentary: auto-extracted sentence","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary)","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M2183"},{"f":"of Macon Ridge is a large 37 5-acre","a":"area","v":"17.4","u":"ha","o":"Enclosed by the innermost concentric ridge and the eastern edge of Macon Ridge is a large, 37.5-acre (17.4 ha), plaza.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2184"},{"f":"surface in some areas by as much as","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"3.3","u":"ft","o":"In addition to filled gullies, archaeologists found that soil was added to raise the level of the ground surface in some areas by as much as 3.3 ft (1 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2185"},{"f":"by as much as 3 3 nbsp ft","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"1","u":"m","o":"In addition to filled gullies, archaeologists found that soil was added to raise the level of the ground surface in some areas by as much as 3.3 ft (1 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2186"},{"f":"several complex circular magnetic features ranging from about","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"82","u":"ft","o":"REF10 Later geophysical survey identified several complex circular magnetic features, ranging from about 82 ft (25 m) to 206 ft (63 m) in diameter, in the southern half of the plaza.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2187"},{"f":"magnetic features ranging from about 82 nbsp ft","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"25","u":"m","o":"REF10 Later geophysical survey identified several complex circular magnetic features, ranging from about 82 ft (25 m) to 206 ft (63 m) in diameter, in the southern half of the plaza.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2188"},{"f":"about 82 nbsp ft 25 nbsp m to","a":"diameter","v":"206","u":"ft","o":"REF10 Later geophysical survey identified several complex circular magnetic features, ranging from about 82 ft (25 m) to 206 ft (63 m) in diameter, in the southern half of the plaza.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2189"},{"f":"ft 25 nbsp m to 206 nbsp ft","a":"diameter","v":"63","u":"m","o":"REF10 Later geophysical survey identified several complex circular magnetic features, ranging from about 82 ft (25 m) to 206 ft (63 m) in diameter, in the southern half of the plaza.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2190"},{"f":"The largest of these Mound A is","a":"height","v":"72","u":"ft","o":"The largest of these, Mound A, is 72 ft (22 m) tall at its highest point and about 705 x 660 ft (215 x 200 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2191"},{"f":"of these Mound A is 72 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"22","u":"m","o":"The largest of these, Mound A, is 72 ft (22 m) tall at its highest point and about 705 x 660 ft (215 x 200 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2192"},{"f":"at its highest point and about 705 x","a":"base length/width","v":"660","u":"ft","o":"The largest of these, Mound A, is 72 ft (22 m) tall at its highest point and about 705 x 660 ft (215 x 200 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2193"},{"f":"about 705 x 660 nbsp ft 215 x","a":"base length/width","v":"200","u":"m","o":"The largest of these, Mound A, is 72 ft (22 m) tall at its highest point and about 705 x 660 ft (215 x 200 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2194"},{"f":"site chronology","a":"dating (as stated)","v":"ding to radiocarbon analysis, this burning occurred between 1450 and 1250 BCE","u":"","o":"According to radiocarbon analysis, this burning occurred between 1450 and 1250 BCE.","unc":"","by":"per cited source","yr":"","m":"documentary: auto-extracted sentence","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary)","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M2195"},{"f":"and west of the six concentric ridges and","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"2050","u":"ft","o":"Mound B is located north and west of the six concentric ridges and 2050 ft (625 m) north of Mound A.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2196"},{"f":"the six concentric ridges and 2050 nbsp ft","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"625","u":"m","o":"Mound B is located north and west of the six concentric ridges and 2050 ft (625 m) north of Mound A.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2197"},{"f":"is roughly conical in form and is approximately","a":"height","v":"21","u":"ft","o":"The mound is roughly conical in form and is approximately 21 ft (6.5 m) in height with a 180 ft (55 m) basal diameter.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2198"},{"f":"in form and is approximately 21 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"6.5","u":"m","o":"The mound is roughly conical in form and is approximately 21 ft (6.5 m) in height with a 180 ft (55 m) basal diameter.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2199"},{"f":"ft 6 5 m in height with a","a":"diameter","v":"180","u":"ft","o":"The mound is roughly conical in form and is approximately 21 ft (6.5 m) in height with a 180 ft (55 m) basal diameter.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2200"},{"f":"m in height with a 180 nbsp ft","a":"diameter","v":"55","u":"m","o":"The mound is roughly conical in form and is approximately 21 ft (6.5 m) in height with a 180 ft (55 m) basal diameter.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2201"},{"f":"Mound C is","a":"height","v":"6.5","u":"ft","o":"Mound C is 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, about 260 ft (80 m) long, and today is 80 ft (25 m) wide.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2202"},{"f":"Mound C is 6 5 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"2","u":"m","o":"Mound C is 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, about 260 ft (80 m) long, and today is 80 ft (25 m) wide.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2203"},{"f":"nbsp ft 2 nbsp m in height about","a":"length","v":"260","u":"ft","o":"Mound C is 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, about 260 ft (80 m) long, and today is 80 ft (25 m) wide.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2204"},{"f":"nbsp m in height about 260 nbsp ft","a":"length","v":"80","u":"m","o":"Mound C is 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, about 260 ft (80 m) long, and today is 80 ft (25 m) wide.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2205"},{"f":"ft 80 nbsp m long and today is","a":"width","v":"80","u":"ft","o":"Mound C is 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, about 260 ft (80 m) long, and today is 80 ft (25 m) wide.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2206"},{"f":"m long and today is 80 nbsp ft","a":"width","v":"25","u":"m","o":"Mound C is 6.5 ft (2 m) in height, about 260 ft (80 m) long, and today is 80 ft (25 m) wide.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2207"},{"f":"This mound is about","a":"height","v":"4","u":"ft","o":"This mound is about 4 ft (1.2 m) tall and 100 x 130 ft (30 x 40 m) at its base and is situated on one of the concentric ridges.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2208"},{"f":"This mound is about 4 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"1.2","u":"m","o":"This mound is about 4 ft (1.2 m) tall and 100 x 130 ft (30 x 40 m) at its base and is situated on one of the concentric ridges.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2209"},{"f":"ft 1 2 m tall and 100 x","a":"base length/width","v":"130","u":"ft","o":"This mound is about 4 ft (1.2 m) tall and 100 x 130 ft (30 x 40 m) at its base and is situated on one of the concentric ridges.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2210"},{"f":"and 100 x 130 nbsp ft 30 x","a":"base length/width","v":"40","u":"m","o":"This mound is about 4 ft (1.2 m) tall and 100 x 130 ft (30 x 40 m) at its base and is situated on one of the concentric ridges.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2211"},{"f":"Second Coles Creek culture ceramics were recovered","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"40","u":"cm","o":"Second, Coles Creek culture ceramics were recovered 40 cm below the ground surface near Mound D.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2212"},{"f":"Mound E is located","a":"dimension (unspecified)","v":"1330","u":"ft","o":"Mound E is located 1330 ft (405 m) south of Mound A and is a rectangular flat-topped structure with rounded corners and a ramp extending from the northeast corner.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2213"},{"f":"Mound E is located 1330 nbsp ft","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"405","u":"m","o":"Mound E is located 1330 ft (405 m) south of Mound A and is a rectangular flat-topped structure with rounded corners and a ramp extending from the northeast corner.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2214"},{"f":"Mound E is","a":"height","v":"13.4","u":"ft","o":"Mound E is 13.4 ft (4 m) in height and 360 x 295 ft (110 x 90 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2215"},{"f":"Mound E is 13 4 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"4","u":"m","o":"Mound E is 13.4 ft (4 m) in height and 360 x 295 ft (110 x 90 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2216"},{"f":"4 nbsp m in height and 360 x","a":"base length/width","v":"295","u":"ft","o":"Mound E is 13.4 ft (4 m) in height and 360 x 295 ft (110 x 90 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2217"},{"f":"and 360 x 295 nbsp ft 110 x","a":"base length/width","v":"90","u":"m","o":"Mound E is 13.4 ft (4 m) in height and 360 x 295 ft (110 x 90 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2218"},{"f":"site chronology","a":"dating (as stated)","v":"d a radiocarbon date suggesting construction sometime after 1500 BCE","u":"","o":"This charcoal, from the base of the mound, provided a radiocarbon date suggesting construction sometime after 1500 BCE.","unc":"","by":"per cited source","yr":"","m":"documentary: auto-extracted sentence","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary)","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M2219"},{"f":"Mound F is about","a":"height","v":"5","u":"ft","o":"Mound F is about 5 ft (1.5 m) tall and 80 x 100 ft (24 by 30 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2220"},{"f":"Mound F is about 5 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"1.5","u":"m","o":"Mound F is about 5 ft (1.5 m) tall and 80 x 100 ft (24 by 30 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2221"},{"f":"ft 1 5 m tall and 80 x","a":"base length/width","v":"100","u":"ft","o":"Mound F is about 5 ft (1.5 m) tall and 80 x 100 ft (24 by 30 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2222"},{"f":"and 80 x 100 nbsp ft 24 by","a":"base length/width","v":"30","u":"m","o":"Mound F is about 5 ft (1.5 m) tall and 80 x 100 ft (24 by 30 m) at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2223"},{"f":"site chronology","a":"dating (as stated)","v":"rom the mound base indicates it was built sometime after ca 1280 BCE, making it the last Archaic mound added to Poverty P","u":"","o":"A radiocarbon date on charred wood from the mound base indicates it was built sometime after ca 1280 BCE, making it the last Archaic mound added to Poverty Point.  REF25","unc":"","by":"per cited source","yr":"","m":"documentary: auto-extracted sentence","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary)","t":"INTERPRETATION","n":"","id":"M2224"},{"f":"Approximately 1 8 miles","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"2.9","u":"km","o":"Approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of the Poverty Point site center is the Lower Jackson Mound (16WC10) a conical structure 10 ft (3 m) in height and 115 ft (35 m) in diameter at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2225"},{"f":"the Lower Jackson Mound 16WC10 a conical structure","a":"height","v":"10","u":"ft","o":"Approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of the Poverty Point site center is the Lower Jackson Mound (16WC10) a conical structure 10 ft (3 m) in height and 115 ft (35 m) in diameter at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2226"},{"f":"Mound 16WC10 a conical structure 10 nbsp ft","a":"height","v":"3","u":"m","o":"Approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of the Poverty Point site center is the Lower Jackson Mound (16WC10) a conical structure 10 ft (3 m) in height and 115 ft (35 m) in diameter at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2227"},{"f":"nbsp ft 3 nbsp m in height and","a":"diameter","v":"115","u":"ft","o":"Approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of the Poverty Point site center is the Lower Jackson Mound (16WC10) a conical structure 10 ft (3 m) in height and 115 ft (35 m) in diameter at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2228"},{"f":"nbsp m in height and 115 nbsp ft","a":"diameter","v":"35","u":"m","o":"Approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km) south of the Poverty Point site center is the Lower Jackson Mound (16WC10) a conical structure 10 ft (3 m) in height and 115 ft (35 m) in diameter at its base.","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2229"},{"f":"Approximately 1 2 miles","a":"distance (not a site dimension)","v":"2.2","u":"km","o":"Approximately 1.2 miles (2.2 km) to the north of the Poverty Point earthworks is the Motley Mound (16WC7), which is 52 ft (16 m) in height with a base that measures 560 x 410 ft (170 x 125 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2230"},{"f":"earthworks is the Motley Mound 16WC7 which is","a":"height","v":"52","u":"ft","o":"Approximately 1.2 miles (2.2 km) to the north of the Poverty Point earthworks is the Motley Mound (16WC7), which is 52 ft (16 m) in height with a base that measures 560 x 410 ft (170 x 125 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2231"},{"f":"Motley Mound 16WC7 which is 52 nbsp ft","a":"base length/width","v":"16","u":"m","o":"Approximately 1.2 miles (2.2 km) to the north of the Poverty Point earthworks is the Motley Mound (16WC7), which is 52 ft (16 m) in height with a base that measures 560 x 410 ft (170 x 125 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2232"},{"f":"height with a base that measures 560 x","a":"plan dimension (pair)","v":"410","u":"ft","o":"Approximately 1.2 miles (2.2 km) to the north of the Poverty Point earthworks is the Motley Mound (16WC7), which is 52 ft (16 m) in height with a base that measures 560 x 410 ft (170 x 125 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2233"},{"f":"measures 560 x 410 nbsp ft 170 x","a":"plan dimension (pair)","v":"125","u":"m","o":"Approximately 1.2 miles (2.2 km) to the north of the Poverty Point earthworks is the Motley Mound (16WC7), which is 52 ft (16 m) in height with a base that measures 560 x 410 ft (170 x 125 m).","unc":"","by":"per cited source (see citation)","yr":"","m":"documentary: verbatim sentence auto-extracted from Wikipedia revision","c":"no inline ref in article","pg":"","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393","b":"S","bb":"auto-extracted, Wikipedia rev 1370195393 (tertiary); unit/attribute classified by keyword - check context in value_original","t":"MEASUREMENT","n":"","id":"M2234"}],"lab":[],"eng":[],"ori":[],"gaps":[],"dat":[],"aa":[],"ac":[],"me":[],"ci":[],"cq":[],"sd":[],"sub":[],"site":{"age":"The Poverty Point site contains earthen ridges and mounds, built by indigenous people between 1700 and 1100 BCE during the Late Archaic period in North America.","dm":"[see dating_excerpt; method not extracted]","lab":"NO: inference only (style/context/king list/textual)","weak":"no direct lab result on the structure in our records; date from stylistic, contextual or textual inference","unesco":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1435","dens":"CENSUS"},"co":{"lat":"32.63666667","lon":"-91.41138889","src":"Wikidata P625 + UNESCO WHC list XML (agree ≤0.05°)","agree":"agree","b":"V","note":"two independent sources agree; max delta 0.0014 deg (~0.15 km)","osm":"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/827598511"},"src":[{"id":"S0367","t":"no inline ref in article","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poverty_Point&oldid=1370195393"},{"id":"S0580","t":"Wikipedia: Poverty Point","u":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_Point"},{"id":"VNAM-011-3","t":"Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point - UNESCO World Heritage Centre","u":"https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1435/"},{"id":"VNAM-011-4","t":"Poverty Point National Monument (U.S. National Park Service)","u":"https://www.nps.gov/popo/index.htm"},{"id":null,"t":"Kidder, T. R. and Ortmann, A. L., “The Archaeology of Singularity,” The SAA Archaeological Record 8(5), November 2008 (via npshistory.com).","u":"https://www.npshistory.com/publications/popo/saaar-v8n5-2008.pdf"},{"id":null,"t":"Washington University in St. Louis, The Source, “Archaic Native Americans built massive Louisiana mound in less than 90 days, research confirms,” January 2013.","u":"https://source.washu.edu/2013/01/archaic-native-americans-built-massive-louisiana-mound-in-less-than-90-days-research-confirms/"}],"sum":"The archaeologists drilled 89 cores into the mound, long tubes of soil pulled from deep inside, and dug one trench all the way down to the ancient ground surface. They were looking for a pause. If the builders had stopped work for a season, the loose silt would have shown it: a skin of erosion, the stirrings of worms and roots, the first darkening of a new soil. In northeast Louisiana, where about 11 centimetres of rain falls in a month, bare silt does not sit untouched for long. They found no pause anywhere, not even under the microscope. Mound A at Poverty Point, one of the largest earthen mounds in North America, had gone up in one continuous effort, in less than three months by their estimate and perhaps in as little as thirty days. Its builders did not farm.\n\nPoverty Point lies on the eastern edge of Macon Ridge in West Carroll Parish, a strip of high ground some 7 to 9 metres above the flood-prone lowlands beside the Bayou Maçon. The earthworks were raised mostly between about 3,700 and 3,100 years ago, in what archaeologists call the Late Archaic period; by some estimates most of the ridges were built between 1600 and 1300 BC. The site gives its name to a whole culture of the Lower Mississippi Valley, and takes its own from a nineteenth-century plantation, worked by enslaved people, that once stood on the land. It is a US national monument and, since its World Heritage listing, recognised by UNESCO not only for its scale and how intact it is but \"crucially because it was built by hunter-fisher-gatherers.\"\n\nThe plan is so large that its geometry was only recognised from aerial photographs. Six earthen ridges, one inside another, curve around a broad, flat plaza; the outermost is about 1.14 kilometres across. Each ridge is about one to three metres high and 20 to 40 metres wide, separated by shallow swales, and laid end to end they would run 18 to 21 kilometres. Aisles divide the ridges into sectors. UNESCO also lists five mounds, circles of postholes in the plaza, a causeway, a dock, a ridge cutting across the others, and the borrow pits where soil was dug. Counting the levelled ground and filled gullies as well, the archaeologists T. R. Kidder and A. L. Ortmann estimate that 750,000 to a million cubic metres of earth were moved. The National Park Service calls the site \"the product of five million hours of labor.\"\n\nMound A, on the western edge of the ridges, is roughly T-shaped from above: a long cone rising about 22 metres, or 72 feet, joined by a ramp to a flat platform 10 metres high, stretching nearly 210 metres from north to south. It holds about 238,000 cubic metres of earth; a Washington University report puts it at 238,500, roughly eight million basket-loads. Some read its outline as a bird, or as an \"Earth island\" at the cosmological centre of the site. Kidder and Ortmann suggest it may have been built to re-enact a creation story rather than to hold buildings.\n\nThe pace is what startles. Under 90 days would have needed about 3,000 workers at once, and with families perhaps 9,000 people gathered on the ridge. Kidder imagines a \"bucket brigade,\" with soil passed from hand to hand in baskets, hide sacks or wooden platters. Ranking the mound depends on whom you ask: Kidder and Ortmann call it the second-largest earthen mound in eastern North America, the Washington University report says only Monks Mound at Cahokia, built centuries later by farmers, is larger, and UNESCO says simply that it is one of the largest in North America. Kidder and Ortmann add that Cahokia is the only site in the pre-Columbian United States with more effort spent on earthworks overall. UNESCO says Poverty Point was not surpassed in North America for at least 2,000 years, and then only by farming peoples.\n\nThe land around was rich in fish, game and wild plants, but it had no stone for tools. So the people of Poverty Point traded across hundreds of kilometres. Soapstone and steatite vessels came from the southern Appalachians; galena came from Missouri and Iowa. Archaeologists long assumed the copper came from the upper Great Lakes, but modern analysis shows that at least some of it came from the southern Appalachians too. At home they baked balls of clay about the size of a green walnut, now known as Poverty Point objects. At its peak, the Park Service says, the site sat at the heart of a trading network stretching hundreds of miles across the continent.\n\nThat is where the textbook order of things begins to wobble. For generations students learned that only farmers could produce the surplus food and the settled crowds that monuments require. Poverty Point turns the sequence around. Here, people who gathered their food rather than growing it organised thousands of workers, moved earth by the million basket-load, and laid out a design so vast that it took aircraft to see it whole.\n\nHow they did it is still debated. One view holds that Poverty Point was a seasonal meeting place where small groups gathered, perhaps for a recurring fair to trade goods, find marriage partners and share news, and built the earthworks in many small efforts. Another, argued by Jon Gibson, holds that a settled population raised them over a few generations as a shared project of equals. The fast build of Mound A pushes toward large, brief gatherings, and Kidder and Ortmann suggest that much of the building may have taken less than a century. The archaeologist William Haag, who dug there in the 1970s, read the aisles between the ridge sectors as aligned to the solstices. Kidder says the evidence shows early hunter-gatherers were \"not as simple as we've tended to imagine,\" and ties the work to a \"sophisticated ritual/religious life\" rather than to rulers.\n\nMuch remains open. Nobody knows how thousands of people were fed during a build of a few weeks, who directed the work if anyone did, or what knowledge guided a plan so large that its builders could never see it entire from the ground. Much of the evidence is still buried. James Ford and Clarence Webb dug there in 1952, 1953 and 1955 and published their report in 1956; more than half a century of work since has kept adding to the picture.\n\nIf people who lived by hunting, fishing and gathering could raise a monument this large in a single season, and lay out a design that only the view from the sky reveals, what else have we assumed about the order in which civilisation was supposed to arrive?","qs":["Hunter-gatherers built earthworks this big 3,000 years ago, without farms. Do we have the order of civilisation wrong?","What held a trading network of hundreds of miles together without towns or fields?","Why would people who moved with the seasons invest five million hours in one place?"],"gal":[{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bird_Mound_at_Poverty_Point.jpg/1280px-Bird_Mound_at_Poverty_Point.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bird_Mound_at_Poverty_Point.jpg","title":"Bird Mound at Poverty Point.jpg","lic":"CC BY 2.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0","by":"Bart Everson","cap":"\"Poverty Point\" archaeological site, Louisiana. \"Bird Mound\"."},{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Circular_structures_at_Poverty_Point_IMG_7433.JPG/1280px-Circular_structures_at_Poverty_Point_IMG_7433.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circular_structures_at_Poverty_Point_IMG_7433.JPG","title":"Circular structures at Poverty Point IMG 7433.JPG","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","by":"Billy Hathorn","cap":"I took photo of circular structures with Canon camera at Poverty Point, LA."},{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG/1280px-HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG","title":"HistoricPlacesNationalRegisterPlaque.JPG","lic":"Public domain","licurl":"","by":"Jonathunder","cap":"Plaque declaring \"this property has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior\""},{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Mound_B_at_Poverty_Point_IMG_7424.JPG/1280px-Mound_B_at_Poverty_Point_IMG_7424.JPG?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mound_B_at_Poverty_Point_IMG_7424.JPG","title":"Mound B at Poverty Point IMG 7424.JPG","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","by":"Billy Hathorn","cap":"I took photo of Mound B at Poverty Point with Canon camera."},{"src":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Museum_at_Poverty_Point%2C_LA_IMG_7419_1.jpg/1280px-Museum_at_Poverty_Point%2C_LA_IMG_7419_1.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail","page":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Museum_at_Poverty_Point,_LA_IMG_7419_1.jpg","title":"Museum at Poverty Point, LA IMG 7419 1.jpg","lic":"CC BY-SA 3.0","licurl":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0","by":"Billy Hathorn","cap":"I took photo with Canon camera of Poverty Point Museum in West Carroll Parish, LA."}]},"img":null,"md":null,"hh":null,"hs":{},"lh":{"s":"img/h/NAM-011.webp","w":1280,"h":768,"o":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bird_Mound_at_Poverty_Point.jpg/1280px-Bird_Mound_at_Poverty_Point.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=imageinfo&utm_content=thumbnail"}}